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I did this[a] because I know how stubborn you are.
Your neck muscles are like iron
and your forehead like bronze.[b]

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Footnotes

  1. Isaiah 48:4 tn The words “I did this” are supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons. In the Hebrew text v. 4 is subordinated to v. 3.
  2. Isaiah 48:4 sn The image is that of a person who has tensed the muscles of the face and neck as a sign of resolute refusal.