◀ All Reading Plans / Revised Common Lectionary (Complementary) / Psalm 66:8-20 (Be joyful in God all you lands); Genesis 7:1-24 (The great flood); Acts 27:13-38 (Paul survives shipwreck) (New English Translation)
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Revised Common Lectionary (Complementary)

Daily Bible readings that follow the church liturgical year, with thematically matched Old and New Testament readings.
Duration: 1245 days
New English Translation (NET)
Version
Psalm 66:8-20

8 Praise[a] our God, you nations.
Loudly proclaim his praise.[b]
9 He preserves our lives[c]
and does not allow our feet to slip.
10 For[d] you, O God, tested us;
you purified us like refined silver.
11 You led us into a trap;[e]
you caused us to suffer.[f]
12 You allowed men to ride over our heads;
we passed through fire and water,
but you brought us out into a wide open place.[g]
13 I will enter[h] your temple with burnt sacrifices;
I will fulfill the vows I made to you,
14 which my lips uttered
and my mouth spoke when I was in trouble.
15 I will offer up to you fattened animals as burnt sacrifices,
along with the smell of sacrificial rams.
I will offer cattle and goats. (Selah)
16 Come! Listen, all you who are loyal to God.[i]
I will declare what he has done for me.
17 I cried out to him for help[j]
and praised him with my tongue.[k]
18 If I had harbored sin in my heart,[l]
the Lord would not have listened.
19 However, God heard;
he listened to my prayer.
20 God deserves praise,[m]
for[n] he did not reject my prayer
or abandon his love for me.[o]

Footnotes

  1. Psalm 66:8 tn Heb “bless,” in the sense of declaring “God to be the source of…special power” (see HALOT 160 s.v. II ברך pi).
  2. Psalm 66:8 tn Heb “cause the voice of his praise to be heard.”
  3. Psalm 66:9 tn Heb “the one who places our soul in life.”
  4. Psalm 66:10 tn Or “indeed.”
  5. Psalm 66:11 tn Heb “you brought us into a net.” This rare word for “net” also occurs in Ezek 12:13; 13:21; 17:20.
  6. Psalm 66:11 tn Heb “you placed suffering on our hips.” The noun מוּעָקָה (muʿaqah, “suffering”) occurs only here in the OT.
  7. Psalm 66:12 tc The MT reads רְוָיָה (revayah, “saturation”) but this should be emended to רְוָחָה (revakhah, “wide open place”; i.e., “relief”), a reading supported by several ancient versions (LXX, Syriac, Jerome, Targum).
  8. Psalm 66:13 sn Here the psalmist switches to the singular; he speaks as the representative of the nation.
  9. Psalm 66:16 tn Heb “all of the fearers of God.”
  10. Psalm 66:17 tn Heb “to him [with] my mouth I called.”
  11. Psalm 66:17 tn Heb “and he was extolled under my tongue.” The form רוֹמַם (romam) appears to be a Polal (passive) participle from רוּם (rum, “be exalted”), but many prefer to read רוֹמָם, “high praise [was under my tongue]” (cf. NEB). See BDB 928 s.v. רוֹמָם.
  12. Psalm 66:18 tn Heb “sin if I had seen in my heart.”
  13. Psalm 66:20 tn Heb “blessed [be] God.”
  14. Psalm 66:20 tn Or “who.” In a blessing formula after בָּרוּךְ (barukh, “blessed be”) the form אֲשֶׁר (ʾasher), whether taken as a relative pronoun or causal particle, introduces the basis for the blessing/praise.
  15. Psalm 66:20 tn Heb “did not turn aside my prayer, or his loyal love from with me.”
Genesis 7

7 The Lord said to Noah, “Come into the ark, you and all your household, for I consider you godly among this generation.[a] 2 You must take with you seven pairs[b] of every kind of clean animal,[c] the male and its mate,[d] two of every kind of unclean animal, the male and its mate, 3 and also seven pairs[e] of every kind of bird in the sky, male and female,[f] to preserve their offspring[g] on the face of the entire earth. 4 For in seven days[h] I will cause it to rain[i] on the earth for forty days and forty nights, and I will wipe from the face of the ground every living thing that I have made.”

5 And Noah did all[j] that the Lord commanded him.

6 Noah[k] was 600 years old when the floodwaters engulfed[l] the earth. 7 Noah entered the ark along with his sons, his wife, and his sons’ wives because of[m] the floodwaters. 8 Pairs[n] of clean animals, of unclean animals, of birds, and of everything that creeps along the ground, 9 male and female, came into the ark to Noah,[o] just as God had commanded him.[p] 10 And after seven days the floodwaters engulfed the earth.[q]

11 In the six hundredth year of Noah’s life, in the second month, on the seventeenth day of the month—on that day all the fountains of the great deep[r] burst open and the floodgates of the heavens[s] were opened. 12 And the rain fell[t] on the earth forty days and forty nights.

13 On that very day Noah entered the ark, accompanied by his sons Shem, Ham, and Japheth, along with his wife and his sons’ three wives.[u] 14 They entered,[v] along with every living creature after its kind, every animal after its kind, every creeping thing that creeps on the earth after its kind, and every bird after its kind, everything with wings.[w] 15 Pairs[x] of all creatures[y] that have the breath of life came into the ark to Noah. 16 Those that entered were male and female,[z] just as God commanded him. Then the Lord shut him in.

17 The flood engulfed the earth for forty days. As the waters increased, they lifted the ark and raised it above the earth. 18 The waters completely overwhelmed[aa] the earth, and the ark floated[ab] on the surface of the waters. 19 The waters completely inundated[ac] the earth so that even[ad] all the high mountains under the entire sky were covered. 20 The waters rose more than 20 feet[ae] above the mountains.[af] 21 And all living things[ag] that moved on the earth died, including the birds, domestic animals, wild animals, all the creatures that swarm over the earth, and all humankind. 22 Everything on dry land that had the breath[ah] of life in its nostrils died. 23 So the Lord[ai] destroyed[aj] every living thing that was on the surface of the ground, including people, animals, creatures that creep along the ground, and birds of the sky.[ak] They were wiped off the earth. Only Noah and those who were with him in the ark survived.[al] 24 The waters prevailed over[am] the earth for 150 days.

Footnotes

  1. Genesis 7:1 tn Heb “for you I see [as] godly before me in this generation.” The direct object (“you”) is placed first in the clause to give it prominence. The verb “to see” here signifies God’s evaluative discernment.
  2. Genesis 7:2 tn Or “seven” (cf. NIV). Since seven is an odd number, and “seven” is qualified as male and female, only seven pairs can match the description (cf. TNIV, NRSV, HCSB).
  3. Genesis 7:2 sn For a study of the Levitical terminology of “clean” and “unclean,” see L. E. Toombs, IDB 1:643.
  4. Genesis 7:2 tn Heb “a male and his female” (also a second time at the end of this verse). The terms used here for male and female animals (אִישׁ, ʾish and אִשָּׁה, ʾishah) normally refer to humans.
  5. Genesis 7:3 tn Or “seven” (cf. NIV).
  6. Genesis 7:3 tn Here (and in v. 9) the Hebrew text uses the normal generic terms for “male and female” (זָכָר וּנְקֵבָה, zakhar uneqevah).
  7. Genesis 7:3 tn Heb “to keep alive offspring.”
  8. Genesis 7:4 tn Heb “for seven days yet,” meaning “after [or “in”] seven days.”
  9. Genesis 7:4 tn The Hiphil participle מַמְטִיר (mamtir, “cause to rain”) here expresses the certainty of the act in the imminent future.
  10. Genesis 7:5 tn Heb “according to all.”
  11. Genesis 7:6 tn Heb “Now Noah was.” The disjunctive clause (conjunction plus subject plus predicate nominative after implied “to be” verb) provides background information. The age of Noah receives prominence.
  12. Genesis 7:6 tn Heb “and the flood was water upon.” The disjunctive clause (conjunction plus subject plus verb) is circumstantial/temporal in relation to the preceding clause. The verb הָיָה (hayah) here carries the nuance “to come” (BDB 225 s.v. הָיָה). In this context the phrase “come upon” means “to engulf.”
  13. Genesis 7:7 tn The preposition מִן (min) is causal here, explaining why Noah and his family entered the ark.
  14. Genesis 7:8 tn Heb “two two” meaning “in twos.”
  15. Genesis 7:9 tn The Hebrew text of vv. 8-9a reads, “From the clean animal[s] and from the animal[s] which are not clean and from the bird[s] and everything that creeps on the ground, two two they came to Noah to the ark, male and female.”
  16. Genesis 7:9 tn Heb “Noah”; the pronoun has been used in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  17. Genesis 7:10 tn Heb “came upon.”
  18. Genesis 7:11 tn The Hebrew term תְּהוֹם (tehom, “deep”) refers to the watery deep, the salty ocean—especially the primeval ocean that surrounds and underlies the earth (see Gen 1:2).sn The watery deep. The same Hebrew term used to describe the watery deep in Gen 1:2 (תְּהוֹם, tehom) appears here. The text seems to picture here subterranean waters coming from under the earth and contributing to the rapid rise of water. The significance seems to be, among other things, that in this judgment God was returning the world to its earlier condition of being enveloped with water—a judgment involving the reversal of creation. On Gen 7:11 see G. F. Hasel, “The Fountains of the Great Deep,” Origins 1 (1974): 67-72; idem, “The Biblical View of the Extent of the Flood,” Origins 2 (1975): 77-95.
  19. Genesis 7:11 sn On the prescientific view of the sky reflected here, see L. I. J. Stadelmann, The Hebrew Conception of the World (AnBib), 46.
  20. Genesis 7:12 tn Heb “was.”
  21. Genesis 7:13 tn Heb “On that very day Noah entered, and Shem and Ham and Japheth, the sons of Noah, and the wife of Noah, and the three wives of his sons with him into the ark.”
  22. Genesis 7:14 tn The verb “entered” is not in the Hebrew text, but is supplied in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  23. Genesis 7:14 tn Heb “every bird, every wing.”
  24. Genesis 7:15 tn Heb “two two” meaning “in twos.”
  25. Genesis 7:15 tn Heb “flesh.”
  26. Genesis 7:16 tn Heb “Those that went in, male and female from all flesh they went in.”
  27. Genesis 7:18 tn Heb “and the waters were great and multiplied exceedingly.” The first verb in the sequence is וַיִּגְבְּרוּ (vayyigberu, from גָּבַר, gavar), meaning “to become great, mighty.” The waters did not merely rise; they “prevailed” over the earth, overwhelming it.
  28. Genesis 7:18 tn Heb “went.”
  29. Genesis 7:19 tn Heb “and the waters were great exceedingly, exceedingly.” The repetition emphasizes the depth of the waters.
  30. Genesis 7:19 tn Heb “and.”
  31. Genesis 7:20 tn Heb “rose 15 cubits.” Since a cubit is considered by most authorities to be about 18 inches, this would make the depth 22.5 feet. This figure might give the modern reader a false impression of exactness, however, so in the translation the phrase “15 cubits” has been rendered “more than 20 feet.”
  32. Genesis 7:20 tn Heb “the waters prevailed 15 cubits upward and they covered the mountains.” Obviously, a flood of 20 feet did not cover the mountains; the statement must mean the flood rose about 20 feet above the highest mountain.
  33. Genesis 7:21 tn Heb “flesh.”
  34. Genesis 7:22 tc The MT reads נִשְׁמַת רוּחַ חַיִּים (nishmat ruakh khayyim, “breath of the breath/spirit of life”), but the LXX and Vulgate imply only נִשְׁמַת חַיִּים (nishmat khayyim). Either the LXX translator omitted translation of both words because of their similarity in meaning, or the omission in LXX shows that the inclusion of רוּחַ in the MT is the addition of an explanatory gloss.
  35. Genesis 7:23 tn Heb “and he”; the referent (the Lord) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  36. Genesis 7:23 tn Heb “wiped away” (cf. NRSV “blotted out”).
  37. Genesis 7:23 tn Heb “from man to animal to creeping thing and to the bird of the sky.”
  38. Genesis 7:23 tn The Hebrew verb שָׁאָר (shaʾar) means “to be left over; to survive” in the Niphal verb stem. It is the word used in later biblical texts for the remnant that escapes judgment. See G. F. Hasel, “Semantic Values of Derivatives of the Hebrew Root šʾr,” AUSS 11 (1973): 152-69.
  39. Genesis 7:24 sn The Hebrew verb translated “prevailed over” suggests that the waters were stronger than the earth. The earth and everything in it were no match for the return of the chaotic deep.
Acts 27:13-38

13 When a gentle south wind sprang up, they thought[a] they could carry out[b] their purpose, so they weighed anchor[c] and sailed close along the coast[d] of Crete. 14 Not long after this, a hurricane-force[e] wind called the northeaster[f] blew down from the island.[g] 15 When the ship was caught in it[h] and could not head into[i] the wind, we gave way to it and were driven[j] along. 16 As we ran under the lee of[k] a small island called Cauda,[l] we were able with difficulty to get the ship’s boat[m] under control. 17 After the crew[n] had hoisted it aboard,[o] they used supports[p] to undergird the ship. Fearing they would run aground[q] on the Syrtis,[r] they lowered the sea anchor,[s] thus letting themselves be driven along. 18 The next day, because we were violently battered by the storm,[t] they began throwing the cargo overboard,[u] 19 and on the third day they threw the ship’s gear[v] overboard with their own hands. 20 When neither sun nor stars appeared for many days and a violent[w] storm continued to batter us,[x] we finally abandoned all hope of being saved.[y]

21 Since many of them had no desire to eat,[z] Paul[aa] stood up[ab] among them and said, “Men, you should have listened to me[ac] and not put out to sea[ad] from Crete, thus avoiding[ae] this damage and loss. 22 And now I advise[af] you to keep up your courage, for there will be no loss of life among you, but only the ship will be lost.[ag] 23 For last night an angel of the God to whom I belong[ah] and whom I serve[ai] came to me[aj] 24 and said,[ak] ‘Do not be afraid, Paul! You must stand before[al] Caesar,[am] and God has graciously granted you the safety[an] of all who are sailing with you.’ 25 Therefore keep up your courage, men, for I have faith in God[ao] that it will be just as I have been told. 26 But we must[ap] run aground on some island.”

27 When the fourteenth night had come, while we were being driven[aq] across the Adriatic Sea,[ar] about midnight the sailors suspected they were approaching some land.[as] 28 They took soundings[at] and found the water was twenty fathoms[au] deep; when they had sailed a little farther[av] they took soundings again and found it was fifteen fathoms[aw] deep. 29 Because they were afraid[ax] that we would run aground on the rocky coast,[ay] they threw out[az] four anchors from the stern and wished[ba] for day to appear.[bb] 30 Then when the sailors tried to escape from the ship and were lowering the ship’s boat into the sea, pretending[bc] that they were going to put out anchors from the bow, 31 Paul said to the centurion[bd] and the soldiers, “Unless these men stay with the ship, you[be] cannot be saved.” 32 Then the soldiers cut the ropes[bf] of the ship’s boat and let it drift away.[bg]

33 As day was about to dawn,[bh] Paul urged them all to take some food, saying, “Today is the fourteenth day you have been in suspense[bi] and have gone[bj] without food; you have eaten nothing.[bk] 34 Therefore I urge you to take some food, for this is important[bl] for your survival.[bm] For not one of you will lose a hair from his head.” 35 After he said this, Paul[bn] took bread[bo] and gave thanks to God in front of them all,[bp] broke[bq] it, and began to eat. 36 So all of them were encouraged and took food themselves. 37 (We were in all 276[br] persons on the ship.)[bs] 38 When they had eaten enough to be satisfied,[bt] they lightened the ship by throwing the wheat[bu] into the sea.

Footnotes

  1. Acts 27:13 tn Grk “thinking.” The participle δόξαντες (doxantes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
  2. Acts 27:13 tn Or “accomplish.” L&N 68.29, for κρατέω, has “to be able to complete or finish, presumably despite difficulties—‘to accomplish, to do successfully, to carry out.’…‘thinking that they could carry out their purpose’ Ac 27:13.”
  3. Acts 27:13 tn Or “departed.”
  4. Acts 27:13 tn L&N 54.8, “παραλέγομαι: (a technical, nautical term) to sail along beside some object—‘to sail along the coast, to sail along the shore.’…‘they sailed along the coast of Crete’ Ac 27:13.” With the addition of the adverb ἆσσον (asson) this becomes “sailed close along the coast of Crete.”
  5. Acts 27:14 tn Grk “a wind like a typhoon.” That is, a very violent wind like a typhoon or hurricane (BDAG 1021 s.v. τυφωνικός).
  6. Acts 27:14 sn Or called Euraquilo (the actual name of the wind, a sailor’s term which was a combination of Greek and Latin). According to Strabo (Geography 1.2.21), this was a violent northern wind.
  7. Acts 27:14 tn Grk “from it”; the referent (the island) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  8. Acts 27:15 tn Or “was forced off course.” Grk “The ship being caught in it.” The genitive absolute construction with the participle συναρπασθέντος (sunarpasthentos) has been taken temporally; it could also be translated as causal (“Because the ship was caught in it”).
  9. Acts 27:15 tn BDAG 91 s.v. ἀντοφθαλμέω states, “Metaph. of a ship τοῦ πλοίου μὴ δυναμένοι ἀ. τῷ ἀνέμῳ since the ship was not able to face the wind, i.e. with its bow headed against the forces of the waves Ac 27:15.”
  10. Acts 27:15 sn Caught in the violent wind, the ship was driven along. They were now out of control, at the mercy of the wind and sea.
  11. Acts 27:16 tn BDAG 1042 s.v. ὑποτρέχω states, “run or sail under the lee of, nautical t.t.…Ac 27:16.” The participle ὑποδραμόντες (hupodramontes) has been taken temporally (“as we ran under the lee of”). While this could also be translated as a participle of means (“by running…”) this might suggest the ship was still under a greater degree of control by its crew than it probably was.
  12. Acts 27:16 sn Cauda. This island was located south of Crete, about 23 mi (36 km) from where they began. There are various ways to spell the island’s name (e.g., Clauda, BDAG 546 s.v. Κλαῦδα).
  13. Acts 27:16 sn The ship’s boat was a small rowboat, normally towed behind a ship in good weather rather than stowed on board. It was used for landings, to maneuver the ship for tacking, and to lay anchors (not a lifeboat in the modern sense, although it could have served as a means of escape for some of the sailors; see v. 30). See L. Casson, Ships and Seamanship in the Ancient World, 248f.
  14. Acts 27:17 tn Grk “After hoisting it up, they…”; the referent (the ship’s crew) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  15. Acts 27:17 tn The participle ἄραντες (arantes) has been taken temporally.
  16. Acts 27:17 tn Possibly “ropes” or “cables”; Grk “helps” (a word of uncertain meaning; probably a nautical technical term, BDAG 180 s.v. βοήθεια 2).
  17. Acts 27:17 tn BDAG 308 s.v. ἐκπίπτω 2 states, “drift off course, run aground, nautical term εἴς τι on someth….on the Syrtis 27:17.”
  18. Acts 27:17 tn That is, on the sandbars and shallows of the Syrtis.sn On the Syrtis. The Syrtis was the name of two gulfs on the North African coast (modern Libya), feared greatly by sailors because of their shifting sandbars and treacherous shallows. The Syrtis here is the so-called Great Syrtis, toward Cyrenaica. It had a horrible reputation as a sailors’ graveyard (Pliny, Natural History 5.26). Josephus (J. W. 2.16.4 [2.381]) says the name alone struck terror in those who heard it. It was near the famous Scylla and Charybdis mentioned in Homer’s Odyssey.
  19. Acts 27:17 tn Or perhaps “mainsail.” The meaning of this word is uncertain. BDAG 927 s.v. σκεῦος 1 has “τὸ σκεῦος Ac 27:17 seems to be the kedge or driving anchor” while C. Maurer (TDNT 7:362) notes, “The meaning in Ac. 27:17: χαλάσαντες τὸ σκεῦος, is uncertain. Prob. the ref. is not so much to taking down the sails as to throwing the draganchor overboard to lessen the speed of the ship.” In spite of this L&N 6.1 states, “In Ac 27:17, for example, the reference of σκεῦος is generally understood to be the mainsail.” A reference to the sail is highly unlikely because in a storm of the force described in Ac 27:14, the sail would have been taken down and reefed immediately, to prevent its being ripped to shreds or torn away by the gale.
  20. Acts 27:18 tn BDAG 980 s.v. σφόδρῶς states, “very much, greatly, violently…σφ. χειμάζεσθαι be violently beaten by a storm Ac 27:18.”
  21. Acts 27:18 tn Or “jettisoning [the cargo]” (a nautical technical term). The words “the cargo” are not in the Greek text but are implied. Direct objects were often omitted in Greek when clear from the context, but must be supplied for the modern English reader.sn The desperation of the sailors in throwing the cargo overboard is reminiscent of Jonah 1:5. At this point they were only concerned with saving themselves.
  22. Acts 27:19 tn Or “rigging,” “tackle”; Grk “the ship’s things.” Here the more abstract “gear” is preferred to “rigging” or “tackle” as a translation for σκεῦος (skeuos) because in v. 40 the sailors are still able to raise the (fore)sail, which they could not have done if the ship’s rigging or tackle had been jettisoned here.
  23. Acts 27:20 tn Grk “no small storm” = a very great storm.
  24. Acts 27:20 tn Grk “no small storm pressing on us.” The genitive absolute construction with the participle ἐπικειμένου (epikeimenou) has been translated as parallel to the previous genitive absolute construction (which was translated as temporal). BDAG 373 s.v. ἐπίκειμαι 2.b states, “of impersonal force confront χειμῶνος ἐπικειμένου since a storm lay upon us Ac 27:20.” L&N 14.2, “‘the stormy weather did not abate in the least’ or ‘the violent storm continued’ Ac 27:20.” To this last was added the idea of “battering” from the notion of “pressing upon” inherent in ἐπίκειμαι (epikeimai).
  25. Acts 27:20 tn Grk “finally all hope that we would be saved was abandoned.” The passive construction has been converted to an active one to simplify the translation. This represents a clearly secular use of the term σῴζω (sōzō) in that it refers to deliverance from the storm. At this point those on board the ship gave up hope of survival.
  26. Acts 27:21 tn Or “Since they had no desire to eat for a long time.” The genitive absolute construction with the participle ὑπαρχούσης (huparchousēs) has been translated as a causal adverbial participle. It could also be translated temporally (“When many of them had no desire to eat”). The translation of πολλῆς (pollēs) as a substantized adjective referring to the people on board the ship (“many of them”) rather than a period of time (“for a long time”; so most modern versions) follows BDAG 143 s.v. ἀσιτία, which has “πολλῆς ἀ. ὑπαρχούσης since almost nobody wanted to eat because of anxiety or seasickness…Ac 27:21.” This detail indicates how turbulent things were on board the ship.
  27. Acts 27:21 tn Here τότε (tote) is redundant (pleonastic) according to BDAG 1012-13 s.v. τότε 2; thus it has not been translated.
  28. Acts 27:21 tn Grk “standing up…said.” The participle σταθείς (statheis) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
  29. Acts 27:21 tn L&N 36.12 has “πειθαρχήσαντάς μοι μὴ ἀνάγεσθαι ἀπὸ τῆς Κρήτης ‘you should have listened to me and not have sailed from Crete’ Ac 27:21.”sn By saying “you should have listened to me and not put out to sea from Crete” Paul was not “rubbing it in,” but was reasserting his credibility before giving his next recommendation.
  30. Acts 27:21 tn BDAG 62 s.v. ἀνάγω 4, “as a nautical t.t. (ἀ. τὴν ναῦν put a ship to sea), mid. or pass. ἀνάγεσθαι to begin to go by boat, put out to sea.”
  31. Acts 27:21 tn The infinitive κερδῆσαι (kerdēsai) has been translated as resultative.
  32. Acts 27:22 tn The same verb is used for Paul’s original recommendation in Ac 27:9.
  33. Acts 27:22 tn Grk “except the ship.” Here “but” is used to translate the improper preposition πλήν (plēn; see BDAG 826 s.v. πλήν 2) since an exception like this, where two different categories of objects are involved (people and a ship), is more naturally expressed in contemporary English with an adversative (“but”). The words “will be lost” are also supplied for clarity.sn The “prophecy” about the ship serves to underscore Paul’s credibility as an agent of God. Paul addressed his audience carefully and drew attention to the sovereign knowledge of God.
  34. Acts 27:23 tn Grk “of whom I am.” The relative clause was translated following L&N 15.86 s.v. παρίσταμαι.
  35. Acts 27:23 tn Or “worship.”
  36. Acts 27:23 tn Or “stood by me.” BDAG 778 s.v. παρίστημι/παριστάνω 2.a.α states, “approach, come τινί (to) someone…Ac 9:39; 27:23.”
  37. Acts 27:24 tn Grk “came to me saying.” The participle λέγων (legōn) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
  38. Acts 27:24 tn BDAG 778 s.v. παρίστημι/παριστάνω 2.a.α states, “Also as a t.t. of legal usage appear before, come before…Καίσαρι σε δεῖ παραστῆναι you must stand before the Emperor (as judge) Ac 27:24.” See Acts 23:11. Luke uses the verb δεῖ (dei) to describe what must occur.
  39. Acts 27:24 tn Or “before the emperor” (“Caesar” is a title for the Roman emperor).
  40. Acts 27:24 tn Grk “God has graciously granted you all who are sailing with you.” The words “the safety of” have been supplied to clarify the meaning of the verb κεχάρισται (kecharistai) in this context.sn The safety of all who are sailing with you. In a sense, Paul’s presence protects them all. For Luke, it serves as a picture of what the gospel does through Christ and through the one who brings the message.
  41. Acts 27:25 tn BDAG 817 s.v. πιστεύω 1.c states, “w. pers. and thing added π. τινί τι believe someone with regard to someth….W. dat. of pers. and ὅτι foll…. πιστεύετέ μοι ὅτι ἐγὼ ἐν τῷ πατρί J 14:11a. Cf. 4:21; Ac 27:25.”
  42. Acts 27:26 tn This is another use of δεῖ (dei) to indicate necessity (see also v. 24). Acts 28:1 shows the fulfillment of this.
  43. Acts 27:27 tn Here “being driven” has been used to translate διαφέρω (diapherō) rather than “drifting,” because it is clear from the attempt to drop anchors in v. 29 that the ship is still being driven by the gale. “Drifting” implies lack of control, but not necessarily rapid movement.
  44. Acts 27:27 sn The Adriatic Sea. They were now somewhere between Crete and Malta.
  45. Acts 27:27 tn Grk “suspected that some land was approaching them.” BDAG 876 s.v. προσάγω 2.a states, “lit. ὑπενόουν προσάγειν τινά αὐτοῖς χώραν they suspected that land was near (lit. ‘approaching them’) Ac 27:27.” Current English idiom would speak of the ship approaching land rather than land approaching the ship.
  46. Acts 27:28 tn Grk “Heaving the lead, they found.” The participle βολίσαντες (bolisantes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style. See also BDAG 180 s.v. βολίζω. Although the term is used twice in this verse (and thus is technically not a NT hapax legomenon), it occurs nowhere else in the NT.
  47. Acts 27:28 sn A fathom is about 6 feet or just under 2 meters (originally the length of a man’s outstretched arms). This was a nautical technical term for measuring the depth of water. Here it was about 120 ft (36 m).
  48. Acts 27:28 tn L&N 15.12, “βραχὺ δὲ διαστήσαντες ‘when they had gone a little farther’ Ac 27:28.”
  49. Acts 27:28 sn Here the depth was about 90 ft (27 m).
  50. Acts 27:29 tn Grk “fearing.” The participle φοβούμενοι (phoboumenoi) has been translated as a causal adverbial participle.
  51. Acts 27:29 tn Grk “against a rough [rocky] place.” L&N 79.84 has “φοβούμενοί τε μή που κατὰ τραχεῖς τόποις ἐκπέσωμεν ‘we were afraid that we would run aground on the rocky coast’ Ac 27:29.”
  52. Acts 27:29 tn Grk “throwing out…they.” The participle ῥίψαντες (rhipsantes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
  53. Acts 27:29 tn BDAG 417 s.v. εὔχομαι 2 states, “wish…τὶ for someth.…Foll. by acc. and inf….Ac 27:29.” The other possible meaning for this term, “pray,” is given in BDAG 417 s.v. 1 and employed by a number of translations (NAB, NRSV, NIV). If this meaning is adopted here, then “prayed for day to come” must be understood metaphorically to mean “prayed that they would live to see the day,” or “prayed that it would soon be day.”
  54. Acts 27:29 tn Grk “and wished for day to come about.”sn And wished for day to appear. The sailors were hoping to hold the ship in place until morning, when they could see what was happening and where they were.
  55. Acts 27:30 tn BDAG 889 s.v. πρόφασις 2 states, “προφάσει ὡς under the pretext that, pretending that…Ac 27:30.” In other words, some of the sailors gave up hope that such efforts would work and instead attempted to escape while pretending to help.
  56. Acts 27:31 sn See the note on the word centurion in 10:1.
  57. Acts 27:31 sn The pronoun you is plural in Greek.
  58. Acts 27:32 sn The soldiers cut the ropes. The centurion and the soldiers were now following Paul’s advice by cutting the ropes to prevent the sailors from escaping.
  59. Acts 27:32 tn Or “let it fall away.” According to BDAG 308 s.v. ἐκπίπτω 1 and 2 the meaning of the verb in this verse could be either “fall away” or “drift away.” Either meaning is acceptable, and the choice between them depends almost entirely on how one reconstructs the scene. Since cutting the boat loose would in any case result in it drifting away (whether capsized or not), the meaning “drift away” as a nautical technical term has been used here.
  60. Acts 27:33 tn BDAG 160 s.v. ἄχρι 1.b.α has “ἄ. οὗ ἡμέρα ἤμελλεν γίνεσθαι until the day began to dawn 27:33.”
  61. Acts 27:33 tn Or “have waited anxiously.” Grk “waiting anxiously.” The participle προσδοκῶντες (prosdokōntes) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
  62. Acts 27:33 tn Or “continued.”
  63. Acts 27:33 tn Grk “having eaten nothing.” The participle προσλαβόμενοι (proslabomenoi) has been translated as a finite verb (with subject “you” supplied) due to requirements of contemporary English style.
  64. Acts 27:34 tn Or “necessary.” BDAG 873-74 s.v. πρός 1 has “πρ. τῆς σωτηρίας in the interest of safety Ac 27:34”; L&N 27.18 has “‘therefore, I urge you to take some food, for this is important for your deliverance’ or ‘…for your survival’ Ac 27:34.”
  65. Acts 27:34 tn Or “deliverance” (‘salvation’ in a nontheological sense).
  66. Acts 27:35 tn Grk “he”; the referent (Paul) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
  67. Acts 27:35 tn Grk “taking bread, gave thanks.” The participle λαβών (labōn) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
  68. Acts 27:35 tn Or “before them all,” but here this could be misunderstood to indicate a temporal sequence.
  69. Acts 27:35 tn Grk “and breaking it, he began.” The participle κλάσας (klasas) has been translated as a finite verb due to requirements of contemporary English style.
  70. Acts 27:37 tc One early ms (B) and an early version (sa) read “about seventy-six.” For discussion of how this variant probably arose, see F. F. Bruce, The Acts of the Apostles, 465.
  71. Acts 27:37 sn This is a parenthetical note by the author.
  72. Acts 27:38 tn Or “When they had eaten their fill.”
  73. Acts 27:38 tn Or “grain.”
New English Translation (NET)

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