Historical

1 The words of Nehemiah^(A) son of Hacaliah:

News from Jerusalem

During the month of Chislev^(B) in the twentieth year,^(C) when I was in the fortress city of Susa,^{(D) 2} Hanani,^(E) one of my brothers, arrived with men from Judah, and I questioned them about Jerusalem and the Jewish remnant^(F) that had survived the exile.^{(G) 3} They said to me, ‘The remnant in the province,^(H) who survived the exile, are in great trouble and disgrace. Jerusalem’s wall has been broken down, and its gates have been burned.’^(I)

Nehemiah’s Prayer

⁴ When I heard these words, I sat down and wept. I mourned for a number of days, fasting and praying^(J) before the God of the heavens.^{(K) 5} I said,^(L)

Lord, the God of the heavens, the great and awe-inspiring God who keeps his gracious covenant with those who love him^(M) and keep his commands,^{(N) 6} let your eyes be open and your ears be attentive^(O) to hear your servant’s prayer that I now pray to you day and night^(P) for your servants, the Israelites. I confess the sins^[a] we have committed against you. Both I and my father’s family have sinned.^{(Q) 7} We have acted corruptly towards you and have not kept the commands, statutes, and ordinances you gave your servant Moses.^{(R) 8} Please remember what you commanded your servant Moses: ‘If you are unfaithful, I will scatter you among the peoples.^{(S) 9} But if you return to me and carefully observe my commands, even though your exiles were banished to the farthest horizon,^[b] I will gather them from there and bring them to the place where I chose to have my name dwell.’^{(T) 10} They are your servants and your people. You redeemed them by your great power and strong hand.^{(U) 11} Please, Lord, let your ear be attentive^(V) to the prayer of your servant and to that of your servants who delight to revere your name. Give your servant success today,^(W) and grant him compassion in the presence of this man.^[c](X)

At the time, I was the king’s cupbearer.^(Y)

Nehemiah Sent to Jerusalem

2 During the month of Nisan in the twentieth year of King Artaxerxes,^(Z) when wine was set before him, I took the wine and gave it to the king. I had never been sad in his presence, ² so the king said to me, ‘Why do you look so sad,^(AA) when you aren’t ill? This is nothing but sadness of heart.’^(AB)

I was overwhelmed with fear ³ and replied to the king, ‘May the king live for ever! Why should I^[d] not be sad when the city where my ancestors are buried lies in ruins and its gates have been destroyed by fire? ’^(AC)

⁴ Then the king asked me, ‘What is your request? ’

So I prayed to the God of the heavens^{(AD) 5} and answered the king, ‘If it pleases the king, and if your servant has found favour with you, send me to Judah and to the city where my ancestors are buried,^[e](AE) so that I may rebuild it.’^(AF)

⁶ The king, with the queen seated beside him, asked me, ‘How long will your journey take, and when will you return? ’ So I gave him a definite time,^(AG) and it pleased the king to send me.

⁷ I also said to the king, ‘If it pleases the king, let me have letters written to the governors of the region west of the River Euphrates,^(AH) so that they will grant me safe passage until I reach Judah.^{(AI) 8} And let me have a letter written to Asaph, keeper of the king’s forest, so that he will give me timber to rebuild the gates of the temple’s fortress,^(AJ) the city wall, and the home where I will live.’^[f](AK) The king granted my requests, for the gracious hand of my God was on me.^(AL)

⁹ I went to the governors of the region west of the Euphrates and gave them the king’s letters.^(AM) The king had also sent officers of the infantry and cavalry with me. ¹⁰ When Sanballat the Horonite^(AN) and Tobiah the Ammonite official heard that someone had come to pursue the prosperity of the Israelites, they were greatly displeased.^(AO)

Preparing to Rebuild the Walls

¹¹ After I arrived in Jerusalem and had been there three days,^{(AP) 12} I got up at night and took a few men with me. I didn’t tell anyone what my God had laid on my heart to do for Jerusalem. The only animal I took^[g] was the one I was riding. ¹³ I went out at night through the Valley Gate towards the Serpent’s^[h] Well and the Dung Gate,^(AQ) and I inspected the walls of Jerusalem that had been broken down and its gates that had been destroyed by fire.^{(AR) 14} I went on to the Fountain Gate^(AS) and the King’s Pool,^(AT) but further down it became too narrow for my animal to go through. ¹⁵ So I went up at night by way of the valley and inspected the wall. Then heading back, I entered through the Valley Gate^(AU) and returned. ¹⁶ The officials did not know where I had gone or what I was doing, for I had not yet told the Jews, priests, nobles, officials, or the rest of those who would be doing the work. ¹⁷ So I said to them, ‘You see the trouble we are in. Jerusalem lies in ruins and its gates have been burned.^(AV) Come, let’s rebuild Jerusalem’s wall,^(AW) so that we will no longer be a disgrace.’ ¹⁸ I told them how the gracious hand of my God had been on me,^(AX) and what the king had said to me.

They said, ‘Let’s start rebuilding,’ and their hands were strengthened^[i] to do this good work.

¹⁹ When Sanballat the Horonite, Tobiah the Ammonite official,^(AY) and Geshem the Arab^(AZ) heard about this, they mocked and despised us, and said, ‘What is this you’re doing? Are you rebelling against the king? ’

²⁰ I gave them this reply, ‘The God of the heavens is the one who will grant us success. We, his servants, will start building, but you have no share, right, or historic claim in Jerusalem.’^(BA)

Rebuilding the Walls

3 The high priest Eliashib^(BB) and his fellow priests began rebuilding the Sheep Gate.^(BC) They dedicated it and installed its doors. After building the wall to the Tower of the Hundred and the Tower of Hananel,^(BD) they dedicated it. ² The men of Jericho^(BE) built next to Eliashib,^(BF) and next to them Zaccur son of Imri built.

Fish Gate

³ The sons of Hassenaah built the Fish Gate.^(BG) They built it with beams and installed its doors, bolts, and bars.^{(BH) 4} Next to them Meremoth^(BI) son of Uriah, son of Hakkoz, made repairs. Beside them Meshullam^(BJ) son of Berechiah, son of Meshezabel, made repairs. Next to them Zadok son of Baana made repairs. ⁵ Beside them the Tekoites^(BK) made repairs, but their nobles did not lift a finger to help^[j] their supervisors.

Old Gate, Broad Wall, and Tower of the Ovens

⁶ Joiada son of Paseah and Meshullam son of Besodeiah repaired the Old^[k] Gate.^(BL) They built it with beams and installed its doors, bolts, and bars. ⁷ Next to them the repairs were done by Melatiah the Gibeonite, Jadon the Meronothite, and the men of Gibeon^(BM) and Mizpah, who were under the authority^[l](BN) of the governor^(BO) of the region west of the River Euphrates.^{(BP) 8} After him Uzziel son of Harhaiah, the goldsmith,^(BQ) made repairs, and next to him Hananiah son of the perfumer made repairs. They restored Jerusalem as far as the Broad Wall.^(BR)

⁹ Next to them Rephaiah son of Hur, ruler of half the district of Jerusalem, made repairs. ¹⁰ After them Jedaiah son of Harumaph made repairs opposite his house.^(BS) Next to him Hattush the son of Hashabneiah made repairs. ¹¹ Malchijah son of Harim and Hasshub son of Pahath-moab made repairs to another section, as well as to the Tower of the Ovens.^{(BT) 12} Beside him Shallum son of Hallohesh, ruler of half the district of Jerusalem, made repairs – he and his daughters.

Valley Gate, Dung Gate, and Fountain Gate

¹³ Hanun and the inhabitants of Zanoah repaired the Valley Gate. They rebuilt it and installed its doors, bolts, and bars, and repaired half a kilometre^[m] of the wall to the Dung Gate.^{(BU) 14} Malchijah son of Rechab, ruler of the district of Beth-haccherem,^(BV) repaired the Dung Gate.^(BW) He rebuilt it and installed its doors, bolts, and bars.

¹⁵ Shallun^[n] son of Col-hozeh, ruler of the district of Mizpah, repaired the Fountain Gate.^(BX) He rebuilt it and roofed it. Then he installed its doors, bolts, and bars. He also made repairs to the wall of the Pool of Shelah^(BY) near the king’s garden,^(BZ) as far as the stairs that descend from the city of David.^(CA)

¹⁶ After him Nehemiah son of Azbuk, ruler of half the district of Beth-zur,^(CB) made repairs up to a point opposite the tombs of David,^(CC) as far as the artificial pool^(CD) and the House of the Warriors.^{(CE) 17} Next to him the Levites^(CF) made repairs under Rehum son of Bani. Beside him Hashabiah, ruler of half the district of Keilah,^(CG) made repairs for his district. ¹⁸ After him their fellow Levites made repairs under Binnui^[o] son of Henadad, ruler of half the district of Keilah. ¹⁹ Next to him Ezer son of Jeshua, ruler of Mizpah, made repairs to another section opposite the ascent to the armoury at the Angle.^(CH)

The Angle, Water Gate, and Tower on Ophel

²⁰ After him Baruch son of Zabbai^[p] diligently repaired another section, from the Angle to the door of the house of the high priest Eliashib.^{(CI) 21} Beside him Meremoth^(CJ) son of Uriah, son of Hakkoz, made repairs to another section, from the door of Eliashib’s^(CK) house to the end of his house. ²² And next to him the priests from the surrounding area made repairs.

²³ After them Benjamin and Hasshub made repairs opposite their house. Beside them Azariah son of Maaseiah, son of Ananiah, made repairs beside his house. ²⁴ After him Binnui^(CL) son of Henadad made repairs to another section, from the house of Azariah to the Angle and the corner. ²⁵ Palal son of Uzai made repairs opposite the Angle and tower that juts out from the king’s upper palace,^[q](CM) by the courtyard of the guard.^(CN) Beside him Pedaiah son of Parosh ²⁶ and the temple servants^(CO) living on Ophel^(CP) made repairs opposite the Water Gate^(CQ) towards the east and the tower that juts out. ²⁷ Next to him the Tekoites^(CR) made repairs to another section from a point opposite the great tower that juts out, as far as the wall of Ophel.^(CS)

Horse Gate, Inspection Gate, and Sheep Gate

²⁸ Each of the priests made repairs above the Horse Gate,^(CT) each opposite his own house. ²⁹ After them Zadok son of Immer made repairs opposite his house. And beside him Shemaiah son of Shecaniah, guard of the East Gate, made repairs. ³⁰ Next to him Hananiah son of Shelemiah and Hanun the sixth son of Zalaph made repairs to another section.

After them Meshullam son of Berechiah made repairs opposite his room. ³¹ Next to him Malchijah, one of the goldsmiths,^(CU) made repairs to the house of the temple servants^(CV) and the merchants, opposite the Inspection^[r] Gate, and as far as the upstairs room on the corner. ³² The goldsmiths^(CW) and merchants made repairs between the upstairs room on the corner and the Sheep Gate.^(CX)