Footnotes

1. Revelation 12:5 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the conclusion of the anticipated birth.
2. Revelation 12:5 tn On this term BDAG 135 s.v. ἄρσην states: “male…The neut. ἄρσεν Rv 12:5, difft. vs. 13, comes fr. Is 66:7 and is in apposition to υἱόν. On the juxtaposition s. FBoll, ZNW 15, 1914, 253; BOlsson, Glotta 23, ’34, 112.”
3. Revelation 12:5 tn Grk “shepherd.”
4. Revelation 12:5 tn Or “all the Gentiles” (the same Greek word may be translated “Gentiles” or “nations”).
5. Revelation 12:5 tn Or “scepter.” The Greek term ῥάβδος (rhabdos) can mean either “rod” or “scepter.” sn An allusion to Ps 2:9 (see also Rev 2:27; 19:15).
6. Revelation 12:5 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
7. Revelation 12:6 tn Grk “and the woman,” which would be somewhat redundant in English.
8. Revelation 12:6 tn Or “desert.”
9. Revelation 12:6 tn Grk “where she has there a place prepared by God.”
10. Revelation 12:6 tn Grk “so they can take care of her.”
11. Revelation 12:7 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
12. Revelation 12:7 sn The archangel Michael had a special role in protecting the nation of Israel in the OT (Dan 10:13, 21; 12:1; see also Jude 9).