Asbury Bible Commentary
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Asbury Bible Commentary
- I. Structure
- II. Authorship
- III. Canonical Shape
- 1. The origin of the universe (1:1-2:3)
- 2. The origin of man (2:4-25)
- 1. The fall of man (3:1-24)
- 2. The spread of sin (4:1-16)
- 3. The descendants of Cain (4:17-24)
- 4. The birth of Seth (4:25-26)
- 5. The ten patriarchs from Adam to Noah (5:1-32)
- 6. The wickedness of the people of the earth (6:1-8)
- 1. The Flood (6:9-8:19)
- 2. The covenant of the rainbow (8:20-9:17)
- 1. Noah’s blessings and curses (9:18-29)
- 2. The Table of Nations descended from Noah (10:1-32)
- 3. The confusion of the languages at Babel (11:1-9)
- 4. The descendants of Shem (11:10-26)
- 1. Abram’s call to obedience (11:27-14:24)
- a. The covenant dramatized (15:1-21)
- b. The birth of Ishmael (16:1-16)
- c. Abram becomes Abraham (17:1-27)
- d. The promise of Isaac (18:1-15)
- a. The destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah (18:16-19:38)
- b. Abraham’s sin at Gerar (20:1-18)
- c. The birth of Isaac (21:1-34)
- 4. Abraham’s success: The test of obedience (22:1-24)
- a. The death of Sarah (23:1-20)
- b. A bride for Isaac (24:1-67)
- c. The death of Abraham (25:1-18)
- a. Jacob cheats his brother Esau (25:19-34)
- b. Isaac moves to Gerar (26:1-35)
- c. Jacob deceives Isaac (27:1-45)
- a. The journey to Haran (27:46-28:22)
- b. Jacob’s wives and children (29:1-30:24)
- c. Jacob’s crisis with Laban (30:25-31:55)
- 3. Jacob’s transformation (32:1-32)
- a. Jacob’s crisis with Esau (33:1-17)
- b. Events in Canaan (33:18-35:29)
- a. Joseph’s brothers (37:1-38:30)
- b. Imprisonment (39:1-40:23)
- c. Promotion (41:1-57)
- a. Joseph’s brothers come to Egypt (42:1-44:34)
- b. Joseph reveals himself to his brothers (45:1-28)
- c. Jacob journeys to Egypt (46:1-47:31)
- a. Jacob blesses the sons of Joseph (48:1-22)
- b. Jacob bestows blessings on his own sons (49:1-28)
- c. Death and burial of Jacob (49:29-50:14)
- d. Joseph’s dream for the future (50:15-26)
- I. Author, Date, and Composition
- II. Background
- III. Purpose
- a. Need for deliverance (1:1-22)
- b. Preparation of a Deliverer (2:1-25)
- c. Call of the deliverer (3:1-4:28)
- d. Offer of deliverance (4:29-6:27)
- a. Initial plagues (6:28-10:29)
- b. Climactic plague and its results (11:1-13:16)
- 1. Red Sea Crossing (13:17-15:21)
- 2. From the Red Sea to Sinai (15:22-18:27)
- 1. Preparation (19:1-25)
- 2. Presentation (20:1-23:33)
- 3. Sealing (24:1-11)
- 1. Instructions (25:1-31:18)
- 2. The Golden Calf (32:1-34:35)
- 3. Construction (35:1-40:38)
- I. Title and Place in the Canon
- II. Author and Date
- III. Content and Structure
- I. Introduction (1:1-2)
- A. The Burnt Offering (1:3-17)
- B. The Grain Offering (2:1-16)
- C. The Peace Offering (3:1-17)
- D. The Sin Offering (4:1-5:13)
- E. The Guilt Offering (5:14-6:7)
- F. Further Regulations for the Sacrifices (6:8-7:38)
- A. Ordination of Aaron and His Sons as Priests (8:1-36)
- B. Offering of the First Sacrifices (9:1-24)
- C. Death of Aaron’s Sons (10:1-20)
- A. Clean and Unclean Animals (11:1-47)
- B. Cleanness and Uncleanness in Giving Birth (12:1-8)
- 1. Regulations concerning skin diseases (13:1-46)
- 2. Regulations concerning mildew (13:47-59)
- 3. Cleansing from skin diseases (14:1-32)
- 4. Cleansing from mildew (14:33-54)
- D. Unclean Discharges (15:1-33)
- A. Priestly Preparations (16:1-5)
- 1. Selection of the goats (16:6-10)
- 2. The offerings for Aaron and the people (16:11-19)
- C. Ritual for the Scapegoat (16:20-22)
- D. Ritual for the Whole Burnt Offering (16:23-28)
- E. Instruction for the Annual Celebration of the Day of Atonement (16:29-34)
- 1. The place for sacrifice (17:1-9)
- 2. Prohibitions on eating blood (17:10-16)
- 1. Admonition to keep Yahweh’s commandments (18:1-5)
- 2. Laws forbidding incest (18:6-18)
- 3. Laws forbidding defiling sexual practices (18:19-23)
- 4. Exhortation (18:24-30)
- 1. Faithfulness in worship (19:1-8)
- 2. Conduct of interpersonal relationships through love and respect (19:9-37)
- 3. The practice of justice in court and business dealings (vv.15-16, 35-36)
- 1. Punishments for sacrifice to Molech and sorcery (20:1-6)
- 2. A call to consecration (20:7-8)
- 3. Laws carrying the death penalty (20:9-16)
- 4. Laws carrying the punishment of being cut off from the people (20:17-18)
- 5. Laws carrying the punishment of childlessness (20:19-21)
- 6. Final call to holy living (20:22-26)
- 7. Death penalty for sorcery (20:27)
- 1. Regulations for priests (21:1-9)
- 2. Regulations for the high priest (21:10-15)
- 3. Imperfections that disqualify one from serving as a priest (21:16-24)
- 1. Conditions that keep priests from eating sacred food (22:1-9)
- 2. A priest’s family and sacred food (22:10-16)
- 3. The offering of unacceptable sacrifices (22:17-33)
- 1. The Sabbath (23:1-3)
- 2. Passover (23:4-8)
- 3. Firstfruits (23:9-14)
- 4. Feast of Weeks (23:15-22)
- 5. Feast of Trumpets (23:23-25)
- 6. Day of Atonement (23:26-32)
- 7. Feast of Tabernacles (23:33-44)
- H. Rules Concerning Oil and Bread at the Tabernacle (24:1-9)
- 1. The case of blasphemy (24:10-14)
- 2. Miscellaneous laws (24:15-23)
- 1. Regulations for the sabbatical year (25:1-7)
- 2. Commandments for the observance of the Year of Jubilee (25:8-12)
- 3. Instructions on the effect of the Year of Jubilee on property (25:13-34)
- 4. Effect of the Year of Jubilee on debtors (25:35-55)
- 1. Commandments from the Decalogue restated (26:1-2)
- 2. Blessings of obedience (26:3-13)
- 3. Punishments for disobedience (26:14-39)
- 4. Promise of preservation upon repentance (26:40-45)
- 5. Summary statement (26:46)
- A. Redemption of Persons Pledged to God (27:1-8)
- B. Redemption of Property Pledged to God (27:9-34)
- II. Content
- III. Authorship
- IV. Theology
- V. Influence On Wesleyan Thought
- A. First Census of the Twelve Tribes (1:1-54)
- B. Arrangement of the Tribes (2:1-34)
- C. Census of All Levites (3:1-51)
- D. Census of Adult Levites (4:1-49)
- E. God’s Will for His People: Camp Purity (5:1-31)
- F. The Nazirite Vow (6:1-27)
- G. Gifts for Tabernacle Usage (7:1-89)
- H. Ordination Service of the Levites (8:1-26)
- I. Passover and the Cloud (9:1-23)
- J. Two Silver Trumpets (10:1-10)
- A. The Departure From Sinai (10:11-36)
- B. Complaint and Rebellion (11:1-35)
- C. Family Opposition (12:1-16)
- D. A Spy Story (13:1-14:45)
- E. Cultic Information for Future Generations (15:1-41)
- F. The Sin of Korah, Dathan, and Abiram (16:1-50)
- G. Aaron’s Budding Rod (17:1-12)
- H. Priests and Levites: Privileges and Duties (18:1-32)
- I. Cleansing for Contamination (19:1-22)
- J. Judgment on Moses and Aaron (20:1-9)
- K. Victory, Rebellion, Victory (21:1-35)
- L. Balak and Balaam Versus Israel (22:1-24:25)
- M. Moabite Women and Hebrew Men (25:1-18)
- A. Second Census (26:1-65)
- B. Questions About Inheritance and Succession (27:1-23)
- C. Public Offerings (28:1-29:40)
- D. Vows (30:1-16)
- E. Holy War Against the Midianites (31:1-54)
- F. A Request to Settle East of the Jordan (32:1-42)
- G. Wilderness Itinerary (33:1-56)
- H. Boundaries of the Promised Land (34:1-29)
- I. Levitical Cities and Cities of Refuge (35:1-33)
- J. Integrity of Tribal Lands (36:1-13)
- I. Title, Content, And Canonical Placement
- II. Structure, Meaning, And Significance of Deuteronomy
- III. Authorship, Composition, Date
- I. Introduction: Theological, Literary, And Historical (1:1-5)
- A. Distrust in Yahweh—Failure to Take the Land (1:6-46)
- B. Israel Begins to Possess the Land (2:1-3:22)
- C. Yahweh Lets Moses See the Land (3:23-29)
- D. Moses Charges Israel to Take the Land (4:1-40)
- E. Moses Appoints Cities of Refuge East of the Jordan (4:41-43)
- A. Stipulations, Decrees, and Laws East of the Jordan (4:44-49)
- B. Summons to the Commitment to the Covenant Established at Horeb (5:1-11:32)
- 1. Purity and unity of Israel’s worship (12:1-13:18)
- 2. Purity/holiness of Yahweh’s people (14:1-21)
- 3. Economics of Yahweh’s people (14:22-15:23)
- 4. The Religious year of Yahweh’s people (16:1-17)
- 5. Leaders of God’s people (16:18-18:22)
- 6. Social shalom of God’s people (19:1-21:23)
- 7. Military conduct/theology of God’s people (20:1-20)
- 8. Removal of blood guilt from Yahweh’s people (21:1-9)
- 9. Justice, holiness, love, mercy: Character of God’s society (21:1-25:19)
- 10. The thanksgiving celebration of God’s people in the land (26:1-15)
- 11. Yahweh, your God: You, his people, follow his decrees/laws (26:16-19)
- D. Covenant Ritual of Commitment Upon Entering the Land (27:1-26)
- E. Recounting the Blessings/Cursings of the Covenant (28:1-68)
- IV. Moses' Third Exhortatory Address (29:1-30:20)
- V. Moses' Closing Exhortatory Words And Acts (31:1-33:29)
- VI. Death And Eulogy of Moses; Joshua’s Success (34:1-12)
- I. Title, Content, Canonical Placement
- II. Author, Composition, And Date
- III. Literary Structure And Purpose
- A. God’s Charge to Joshua (1:1-18)
- B. The Sending of the Spies Into Jericho (2:1-24)
- C. The Crossing of the Jordan (3:1-4:24)
- D. The First Circumcision and the First Passover in the Land (5:1-15)
- E. The Taking of Jericho (6:1-27)
- A. Achan’s Sin and Judgment (7:1-26)
- B. The Conquest of Ai (8:1-35)
- C. The Gibeonites' Deception (9:1-27)
- D. Joshua’s Southern Campaign (10:1-43)
- E. Joshua’s Northern Campaign (11:1-23)
- F. The List of Defeated Kings (12:1-24)
- A. The Land That Remained; the Allotment of the Transjordan Tribes (13:1-33)
- B. Caleb’s Portion (14:1-15)
- C. The Allotment of Judah (15:1-63)
- D. The Allotment of Joseph (16:1-17:18)
- E. The Allotment of the Remaining Tribes (18:1-19:51)
- F. The Cities of Refuge and the Levitical Cities (20:1-21:45)
- A. The Return of the Transjordan Tribes; Their Memorial Altar (22:1-34)
- B. Joshua’s Farewell to the Leaders (23:1-16)
- C. Joshua’s Renewal of the Covenant (24:1-28)
- D. Joshua’s Death; Three Burials (24:29-33)
- I. Title, Origin, And Place In The Canon
- III. Theological Message
- A. Faltering Conquest: The Failure That Is Sin (1:1-2:5)
- B. Fractured Covenant: The Failure That Is Judgment (2:6-3:6)
- A. The Exemplary Judge (3:7-11)
- 1. The devastating word (3:12-30)
- 2. Minor judge, major achievement (3:31)
- 3. The delivering word (4:1-5:31)
- 1. Anointed ambiguity (6:1-8:32)
- 2. The self-made king (8:33-9:57)
- 3. Salvation by administration (10:1-5)
- 1. Spirit-driven savagery (10:6-12:7)
- 2. The measure of mediocrity (12:8-15)
- 3. Charisma and corruption (13:1-16:31)
- A. Perverted Conquest (17:1-18:31)
- B. Perverted Covenant (19:1-21:25)
- I. Authorship And Date
- II. Content And Structure
- III. Theological Significance
- I. Introduction (1:1-5)
- A. Ruth’s Determination (1:6-18)
- B. The Arrival in Bethlehem (1:19-22)
- A. Ruth Goes Out to Glean (2:1-3)
- B. Ruth and Boaz Meet (2:4-17)
- C. Ruth Relates These Events to Naomi (2:18-23)
- A. Naomi’s Instructions to Ruth (3:1-5)
- B. Ruth and Boaz at the Threshing Floor (3:6-15)
- C. Ruth’s Report to Naomi (3:16-18)
- A. The Legal Transaction in the City Gate (4:1-12)
- B. Marriage and the Birth of Obed (4:13-17)
- C. Genealogy of David (4:18-22)
- I. Title, Literary History, And Historiography
- II. Canonical, Theological, And Literary Factors
- A. The Rise of Samuel (Chs. 1-3)
- B. The Ark of God—the Word of Samuel (chs. 4-7)
- C. The Rise and Sudden Fall of Saul (chs. 8-15)
- 1. David Anointed (chs. 16-17)
- 2. David and Jonathan (chs. 18-20)
- 3. The Fugitive David (chs. 21-27)
- 4. The End of Saul (chs. 28-31)
- A. David Becomes King (2 Sam. 1:1-5:5)
- B. The Consolidation of David’s Kingship (2 Sam. 5:6-10:19)
- C. The Decline of David (chs. 11-20)
- D. The Davidic Kingship: Retrospect and Prospect (chs. 21-24)
- I. Title And Content
- II. Authorship, Composition, And Date
- III. Literary Structure And Purpose
- A. Solomon Becomes King (1:1-2:46)
- B. Solomon the Wise Man (3:1-4:34)
- C. Solomon the Builder (5:1-7:51)
- D. Solomon the Religious Example (8:1-66)
- E. Solomon the Incomparable One (9:1-10:29)
- F. Solomon’s Wives and Adversaries (11:1-43)
- A. The Kingdom Divides (12:1-24)
- B. Jeroboam Reigns Over Israel (12:25-14:20)
- C. Rehoboam, Abijah, and Asa Reign Over Judah (14:21-15:24)
- D. Nadab, Baasha, Elah, Zimri, Omri, and Ahab Reign Over Israel (15:25-22:40)
- E. Jehoshaphat Reigns Over Judah (22:41-50)
- F. Ahaziah and Joram Reign Over Israel (1Ki 22:51-2Ki 8:15)
- G. Jehoram and Ahaziah Reign Over Judah (8:16-29)
- H. Jehu Reigns Over Israel (9:1-10:36)
- I. Athaliah and Joash Reign Over Judah (11:1-12:21)
- J. Jehoahaz and Jehoash Reign Over Israel (13:1-25)
- K. Amaziah Reigns Over Judah (14:1-22)
- L. Jeroboam II Reigns Over Israel (14:23-29)
- M. Uzziah Reigns Over Judah (15:1-7)
- N. Zechariah, Shallum, Menahem, Pekahiah, and Pekah Reign Over Israel (15:8-31)
- O. Jotham and Ahaz Reign Over Judah (15:32-16:20)
- P. Israel Falls During Hoshea’s Reign (17:1-41)
- A. Hezekiah Reigns Over Judah (18:1-20:21)
- B. Manasseh and Amon Reign Over Judah (21:1-26)
- C. Josiah Reigns Over Judah (22:1-23:30)
- D. Jehoahaz, Jehoiakim, and Jehoiachin Reign Over Judah (23:31-24:17)
- E. Judah Falls During Zedekiah’s Reign (24:18-25:30)
- I. Structure, Content, And Significance
- II. Authorship, Date, And Composition
- III. Title And Canonical Placement
- A. Adam to Israel (1:1-2:2)
- 1. Judah (2:3-4:23)
- 2. Simeon (4:24-43)
- 3. Transjordanian tribes (5:1-26)
- 4. Levi (6:1-81)
- 5. Six tribes (7:1-40)
- 6. Benjamin (8:1-40)
- 7. Conclusion (9:1)
- C. The Postexilic Community (9:2-44)
- A. Saul (1Ch 10:1-14)
- a. David’s rise to power (11:1-12:40)
- b. David’s concern for the ark (13:1-16:43)
- a. God’s house—David’s house (17:1-27)
- (1) David’s various victories (18:1-13)
- (2) David’s kingdom organized (18:14-17)
- (3) David defeats the Ammonites (19:1-20:3)
- (4) David is victorious over the Philistines (20:4-8).
- (1) Satan’s census and the Lord’s sword (21:1-22:1)
- (2) David prepares for the temple (22:2-5)
- (3) David’s charge to Solomon (22:6-16)
- (4) David instructs the leaders to assist Solomon (22:17-19)
- d. David divides the Levites (23:1-27:34)
- e. David exhorts Solomon (28:1-29:30)
- a. Solomon’s worship (1:2-6)
- b. Solomon’s wisdom (1:7-13)
- c. Solomon’s wealth (1:14-17)
- a. Conscription of the labor force (2:1-18)
- b. The building and its furnishings (3:1-5:1)
- c. Solomon dedicates the temple (5:2-7:10)
- d. God replies to Solomon’s prayer (7:11-22)
- e. Solomon’s other activities after building the temple (8:1-16)
- 3. Solomon’s greatness (8:17-9:31)
- a. Northern tribes rebel (10:1-11:4)
- b. Rehoboam fortifies Judah (11:5-17)
- c. Rehoboam appoints the crown prince (11:18-23)
- d. Rehoboam becomes unfaithful (12:1-12)
- e. Rehoboam summary (12:13-16)
- 2. Abijah (13:1-14:1)
- a. Asa’s initial reform (14:2-7)
- b. The Lord and Asa defeat Zerah (14:8-15)
- c. Azariah’s sermon (15:1-7)
- d. Asa’s reform continues (15:8-19)
- e. Asa fights Baasha (16:1-6)
- f. Hanani’s sermon (16:7-10)
- g. The conclusion of Asa’s reign (16:11-14)
- a. Jehoshaphat’s reign (17:1-19)
- b. Jehoshaphat and Ahab (18:1-19:3)
- c. Jehoshaphat’s judges (19:4-11)
- d. Jehoshaphat’s victory (20:1-30)
- e. The conclusion of Jehoshaphat’s reign (20:31-21:3)
- a. Jehoram’s evil reign (21:4-11)
- b. Elijah’s letter (21:12-15)
- c. End of Jehoram’s reign (21:16-20)
- 6. Ahaziah (22:1-9)
- a. Joash comes to power (22:10-23:21)
- b. Joash’s righteousness (24:1-16)
- c. Joash’s wickedness (24:17-27)
- 8. Amaziah (25:1-28)
- 9. Uzziah (26:1-23)
- 10. Jotham (27:1-9)
- 11. Ahaz (28:1-27)
- a. Hezekiah purifies the temple (29:1-36)
- b. Hezekiah celebrates the Passover (30:1-31:1)
- c. Hezekiah organizes regular worship (31:2-21)
- d. Hezekiah’s faithfulness (32:1-33)
- 2. Manasseh (33:1-20)
- 3. Amon (33:21-25)
- a. Josiah’s piety and cultic reform (34:1-13)
- b. The discovery of the Book of the Law (34:14-33)
- c. Josiah’s Passover (35:1-19)
- d. Josiah’s death (35:20-27)
- 5. Jehoahaz (36:1-4)
- 6. Jehoiakim (36:5-8)
- 7. Jehoiachin (36:9-10)
- 8. Zedekiah (36:11-21)
- 9. Proclamation for the return (36:22-23)
- I. Historical Background
- II. Sources And Authorship
- III. Structure And Theology
- A. Cyrus’s Decree (1:1-11)
- B. List of returnees (2:1-70)
- C. Altar Rebuilt: Temple Begun (3:1-13)
- D. Opposition to Rebuilding (4:1-24)
- E. Completion of the Temple (5:1-6:22)
- A. Ezra’s Return (7:1-8:36)
- B. Problem of Mixed Marriages (9:1-10:44)
- A. Report to Nehemiah (1:1-11)
- B. Nehemiah’s Return (2:1-20)
- C. Builders of the Wall (3:1-32)
- D. Opposition Without (4:1-23)
- E. Oppression Within (5:1-19)
- F. Completion of the Walls (6:1-19)
- A. Records for Repopulating Jerusalem (7:1-73)
- B. Ezra Reads the Law (8:1-18)
- C. Covenant Renewal (9:1-10:39)
- D. Repopulating Jerusalem (11:1-12:26)
- E. Dedication of the Walls (12:27-13:3)
- F. Nehemiah’s Final Reforms (13:4-31)
- I. Title, Content, Canonical Placement
- II. Historical Setting, Authorship, and Date of Esther
- III. Structure and Theological Themes of Esther
- I. Esther Becomes Queen of Persia (Chs. 1-2)
- II. Haman’s Rise And Fall (Chs. 3-7)
- III. Mordecai’s Rise To Power (Chs. 8-10)
- I. Title And Canonical Placement
- II. Contents And Composition
- III. Literary Background And Character
- IV. Literary Structure
- A. The Hero Job (1:1-5)
- B. The First Divine Council Meeting (1:6-12)
- C. The First Disasters and Job’s Reactions (1:13-22)
- D. The Second Divine Council Meeting (2:1-6)
- E. Job’s Illness and Reaction (2:7-10)
- F. The Arrival of the Comforters (2:11-13)
- A. Job’s Opening Statement (3:1-26)
- 1. Eliphaz (4:1-5:27)
- 2. Job (6:1-7:21)
- 3. Bildad (8:1-22)
- 4. Job (9:1-10:22)
- 5. Zophar (11:1-20)
- 6. Job (12:1-14:22)
- 1. Eliphaz (15:1-35)
- 2. Job (16:1-17:16)
- 3. Bildad (18:1-21)
- 4. Job (19:1-29)
- 5. Zophar (20:1-29)
- 6. Job (21:1-34)
- 1. Eliphaz (22:1-30)
- 2. Job (23:1-24:25)
- 3. Bildad (25:1-6)
- 4. Job (26:1-27:23)
- III. Hymn On Wisdom (28:1-28)
- A. The Way It Was (29:1-25)
- B. The Way It Is (30:1-31)
- C. Job’s Ultimate Claim of Innocence (31:1-40)
- V. Speeches of Elihu (32:1-37:24)
- A. First Speech and Job’s Response (38:1-40:5)
- B. Second Speech and Job’s Response (40:6-42:6)
- VII. The Epilogue (42:7-17)
- I. Title And Place In The Canon
- IV. Recent Study of The Psalter and Psalm Types
- V. The Psalter As A Collection: Development And Design
- A. The General Hymns
- B. Hymns in Praise of the Creator
- C. Songs of Praise to King Yahweh
- A. General Prayers of Distress
- B. Prayers for Deliverance From Accusation and Persecution
- C. Prayers for Restoration From National Distress and Defeat
- D. Imprecatory Psalms
- E. Prayer Song of the Sinner
- III. Festival Songs And Liturgical Pieces
- IV. Thanksgiving Songs (the tôdâh)
- V. Royal Songs (the ma'as̄ay lemelek)
- VI. Songs of Zion (the šîr ṣiyyôn)
- VII. Didactic Songs (the ḥokmâh)
- I. Introduction (1:1-7)
- II. A Father’s Advice (1:8-9:18)
- III. The Proverbs of Solomon (10:1-22:16)
- IV. Sayings of The Wise (22:17-24:23)
- VI. The Words of The Men of Hezekiah (25:1-29:27)
- VII. The Sayings of Agur (30:1-33)
- VIII. The Sayings of King Lemuel (31:1-9)
- IX. A Wife of Industrious Character (31:10-31)
- II. Author
- IV. Purpose
- V. Structure
- I. The Repetitious Nature of Life (1:1-11)
- II. A Solomonic Experiment—A Search For Satisfaction (1:12-2:26)
- III. A Catalog of Times (3:1-15)
- IV. Problems of Injustice And Oppression (3:16-4:3)
- V. Competition, Cooperation, And Fame (4:4-16)
- VI. Temple Protocol (5:1-7)
- VII. The Vanity of Wealth (5:8-6:12)
- VIII. Provocative And Perplexing Proverbs (7:1-8:1)
- IX. Court Protocol (8:2-9)
- X. The Reality of Injustice (8:10-17)
- XI. A Common Destiny (9:1-10)
- XII. Inadequacy of Wisdom (9:11-18)
- XIII. Assorted Practical Sayings (10:1-20)
- XIV. A Call To Action (11:1-6)
- XV. Youth And Old Age (11:7-12:8)
- I. Title, Authorship
- II. Date, Historical Context, Place In The Canon
- III. Key Thought, Words, Verses, Theme
- IV. Structure And Interpretation
- A. The Lovers' Mutual Love Declared (1:1-2:17)
- B. The Bride’s Dream (3:1-5)
- A. Solomon’s Procession (3:6-11)
- B. Solomon’s Song (4:1-15)
- A. The Bride’s Second Dream (4:16-5:9)
- B. The Bride Sings of Her Lover (5:10-6:3)
- C. The Groom Sings of the Bride’s Beauty (6:4-7:9a)
- A. The Bride Responds to Her Lover (7:9b-8:4)
- B. The Covenant of Lovers in Marriage (8:5-14)
- II. The Teachings of The Book of Isaiah
- III. Structure, Authorship, And Date of Isaiah
- a. The heading (1:1)
- b. The case against Judah (1:2-31)
- a. The glorious distant future (2:1-5)
- b. Imminent judgment (2:6-22)
- 3. The future Day of Judgment is now (3:1-4:1)
- 4. The purging leads to blessing (4:2-6)
- a. The song of the vineyard (5:1-7)
- b. A series of woes (5:8-25)
- c. The distant invader is God’s instrument (5:26-30)
- a. The encounter (6:1-7)
- b. The commission (6:8-13)
- a. The sign of Shear-Jashub (7:1-9)
- b. The sign of Immanuel (7:10-25)
- c. The sign of Maher-Shalal-Hash-Baz (8:1-4)
- d. God’s response to Ahaz’s lack of faith (8:5-10)
- e. When proper perspective is lost (8:11-22)
- 3. The vision of a royal savior (9:1-7)
- 4. The present reality of God’s judgment (9:8-10:4)
- 5. God’s judgment on Assyria (10:5-19)
- 6. The remnant of Israel (10:20-34)
- 7. An ideal ruler is envisaged (11:1-16)
- 8. A hymn of praise (12:1-6)
- a. The gathering of Yahweh’s host for battle (13:1-5)
- b. The Day of the Lord is near (13:6-22)
- c. How the mighty one has fallen! (14:1-23)
- 2. The prophecy against Assyria (14:24-27)
- 3. The prophecy against Philistia (14:28-32)
- 4. The oracle concerning Moab (15:1-16:14)
- 5. The oracle concerning Damascus and Israel (17:1-11)
- 6. The futility of the nations (17:12-14)
- 7. A prophecy against Ethiopia (18:1-7)
- 8. A prophecy concerning Egypt (19:1-25)
- 9. A prophecy against Egypt and Cush (20:1-6)
- 10. A prophecy against Babylon (21:1-10)
- 11. A prophecy concerning Dumah (21:11-12)
- 12. A prophecy concerning Arabia (21:13-17)
- 13. A prophecy concerning Jerusalem (22:1-25)
- 14. A prophecy against Tyre (23:1-18)
- B. From Chaos to Restoration (24:1-27:13)
- 1. Prophecy against the northern kingdom (28:1-13)
- 2. Prophecy against Judah (28:14-29)
- 3. Jerusalem’s future foretold (29:1-24)
- a. Woe to the obstinate children (30:1-18)
- b. God will destroy Assyria and deliver Judah (30:19-33)
- c. Woe to those who look to Egypt (31:1-9)
- 5. A king who will reign in righteousness (32:1-20)
- 6. God will deliver his people (33:1-24)
- 7. Judgment against the nations (34:1-17)
- 8. The joy of the redeemed (35:1-10)
- 1. Sennacherib’s siege but Yahweh’s victory (36:1-37:38)
- 2. Hezekiah’s recovery and subsequent shortsightedness (38:1-39:8)
- 1. A message of comfort (40:1-11)
- 2. The power of God (40:12-31)
- 3. Fear not, O Israel (41:1-29)
- 4. The servant (42:1-25)
- 5. I am your Savior (43:1-28)
- 6. Yahweh is faithful; idols are foolish (44:1-28)
- 7. God will act as he chooses (45:1-25)
- 8. The Gods of Babylon will fall (46:1-13)
- 9. Babylon will fall (47:1-15)
- 10. Prepare to leave Babylon (48:1-22)
- 1. The servant, bringer of salvation (49:1-13)
- 2. The restoration of Zion (49:14-50:3)
- 3. The servant, one who perseveres (50:4-11)
- 4. Zion is comforted (51:1-52:12)
- 5. The suffering and glory of the servant (52:13-53:12)
- 6. Zion, beloved by Yahweh (54:1-17)
- 7. God’s salvation (55:1-13)
- 1. Blessed is the one who does what is right (56:1-8)
- 2. The humble and wicked contrasted (56:9-57:21)
- 3. The spiritual and ethical dimensions of faith (58:1-14)
- 4. Sin, confession, and deliverance (59:1-21)
- 1. Arise, shine! (60:1-22)
- 2. The servant’s message of hope (61:1-11)
- 3. Zion is reassured (62:1-12)
- 4. Zion’s enemies will be destroyed (63:1-6)
- 5. A prayer for help (63:7-64:12)
- 6. Yahweh’s response: A mixed blessing (65:1-25)
- 7. A final word (66:1-24)
- I. Title And Canonical Placement
- II. Historical Setting
- III. Structure, Authorship, And Date
- IV. Theological Significance
- I. Jeremiah—A Prophet To The Nations (Ch. 1)
- A. Yahweh’s Case Against His People (2:1-37)
- B. Yahweh’s Passionate Appeal for Israel’s Repentance (3:1-4:4)
- C. Yahweh’s Judgment Is Coming (4:5-6:30)
- A. Jeremiah’s Temple Sermon (7:1-8:3)
- B. Judah’s Stubbornness (8:4-9:1)
- C. Judah’s Depravity (9:2-21)
- D. The Wisdom and Judgment of Yahweh (10:1-25)
- IV. The Covenant With Yahweh Is Broken (11:1-15:21)
- V. Sin, Judgment, And Grace (16:1-17:27)
- VI. Yahweh’s Sovereignty (18:1-20:18)
- VII. Ungodly Kings And Leaders (21:1-23:40)
- VIII. To Build And To Plant (24:1-10)
- IX. God’s Wrath Is On The Wicked (25:1-38)
- X. Jeremiah Under Trial (26:1-24)
- XI. The Controversy Over The Babylonian Yoke (27:1-28:17)
- XII. Jeremiah’s Message To The Exiled Judeans (29:1-32)
- XIII. The Book of Consolation (Chs. 30-33)
- XIV. Events Before The Fall of Jerusalem (Chs. 34-38)
- XV. The Fall of Jerusalem and Other Related Events (Chs. 39-44)
- XVI. A Message To Baruch (Ch. 45)
- XVII. Oracles Against The Nations (Chs. 46-51)
- XVIII. Historical Appendix (Ch. 52)
- I. Title And Canonical Placement
- II. Historical Setting
- III. Structure, Authorship, And Date
- IV. Theological Significance
- I. There Is None To Comfort Jerusalem (1:1-22)
- II. God’s Anger (2:1-22)
- III. A Personal Lament (3:1-66)
- IV. The Wages of Sin (4:1-22)
- V. A Prayer For Mercy (5:1-22)
- II. Historical Setting
- III. Ezekiel’s Dates
- IV. Summary of Ezekiel’s Teachings
- A. When and Where it Happened (1:1-3)
- B. Vision of God (1:4-28)
- C. Ezekiel’s Call and Commissioning (2:1-3:27)
- A. Siege of Jerusalem Depicted (4:1-3)
- B. Length of the Exile Demonstrated (4:4-8)
- C. Rationing During the Exile Dramatized (4:9-17)
- D. The People’s Destruction and Dispersion (5:1-4)
- E. Consequences of God’s Judgment Discussed (5:5-17)
- III. Oracles Against Judah’s Wicked High Places (6:1-14)
- IV. Doom Is At Hand (7:1-27)
- A. Four Foul Abominations in the Temple (8:1-18)
- B. Death Pronounced Upon Jerusalem (9:1-11)
- C. The Glory of Yahweh Leaves the Temple and Jerusalem (10:1-22)
- D. Judgment Upon the Wicked Leaders (11:1-15)
- E. Divine Promise of Judah’s Restoration (11:16-25)
- A. Exile Journey Dramatized (12:1-16)
- B. Fear and Trembling Before the Approaching Enemy (12:17-20)
- C. The Vision of Destruction Will Not Be Delayed (12:21-28)
- A. Judgment on False Prophets and Idolatry (13:1-14:23)
- B. Jerusalem Depicted as a Useless Vine (15:1-8)
- C. Jerusalem as the Unfaithful Bride (16:1-63)
- D. Allegory of the Two Eagles and the Vine (17:1-24)
- E. Alibis Do Not Work (18:1-32)
- F. An Allegorical Lament Over Jerusalem’s Leaders (19:1-14)
- G. God’s Heartbreak Over Judah’s Rebellion (20:1-49)
- H. Babylon as God’s Instrument of Judgment (21:1-32)
- I. More Judgment Against Jerusalem (22:1-31)
- J. Israel and Judah, the Harlot Sisters (23:1-49)
- K. Allegory of the Cooking Pot (24:1-14)
- L. Death of Ezekiel’s Wife and Mourning of the Exile (24:15-27)
- A. Judgment Against Surrounding Nations (25:1-17)
- B. Judgment Against Tyre and Sidon (26:1-28:26)
- C. Judgment Against Egypt (29:1-32:32)
- A. Ezekiel as God’s Watchman (33:1-33)
- B. Judgment on the Bad Shepherds of Judah (34:1-31)
- C. Another Judgment Against Edom (35:1-15)
- D. Divine Consolation and Hope to Judah (36:1-38)
- E. The Vision of the Valley of Dry Bones (37:1-28)
- F. Gog and Magog (38:1-39:29)
- A. The Restored Temple (40:1-42:20)
- B. The Return of God’s Glory (43:1-27)
- C. The New Priesthood (44:1-31)
- D. New Rules for the New Temple (45:1-46:24)
- E. New Life From the New Temple (47:1-12)
- F. New Boundaries for the New Land (47:13-48:29)
- G. The New Name for the New Jerusalem (48:30-35)
- I. Title, Content, Canonical Placement
- II. Historical Setting, Authorship, And Date
- III. Structure And Theological Themes
- I. A Serious Choice (Ch. 1)
- II. The Dream Image (Ch. 2)
- III. The Superhot Furnace (Ch. 3)
- IV. The Huge Tree (Ch. 4)
- V. Belshazzar’s Last Feast (Ch. 5)
- VI. The Lion’s Den (Ch. 6)
- VII. The Four Beasts (Ch. 7)
- VIII. The Ram And The Goat (Ch. 8)
- IX. The Prophet’s Prayer And Prediction (Ch. 9)
- X. The Heavenly Message To Daniel (Chs. 10-12)
- I. Author, Date, And Composition
- II. Background
- III. Purpose
- A. Gomer’s Adultery (1:1-2:1)
- B. Israel’s Adultery (2:2-23)
- C. Hosea Buys Gomer Back (3:1-5)
- 1. Lack of the knowledge of God (4:1-5:15)
- 2. A call to know the Lord (6:1-3)
- 1. They do not turn to God (6:4-7:16)
- 2. They have rejected the good (8:1-9:9)
- 3. They have planted wickedness (9:10-11:7)
- 4. God cannot let them go (11:8-11)
- 1. Return to the desert (11:12-13:16)
- 2. The fruits of repentance (14:1-9)
- I. Author, Date, Purpose
- II. Unity—Literary Style
- III. The Message of Joel
- IV. State of The Text—Place In Canon
- I. Superscription (1:1)
- II. Plague of Locusts and Drought (1:2-20)
- III. The Locusts and The Day of The Lord (2:1-11)
- A. A Call to Repentance (2:12-17)
- B. Result of Repentance (2:18-27)
- A. Through His Spirit (2:28-32)
- B. Through Judgment of the Nations (3:1-13)
- C. Through the Coming of the Golden Age (3:14-21)
- I. The Prophet And His Time
- II. The Overall Message of The Book
- III. The Structure of The Book
- I. Introduction (1:1-2)
- a. Judgment of the nations (1:3-2:16)
- b. Judgment of Israel and exhortations to enter into Yahweh’s presence (3:1-4:12)
- 2. Response: doxological hymn (4:13)
- a. Utterances concerning the death of Israel (5:1-6:14)
- b. Vision reports concerning the end of Israel (7:1-9:4)
- 2. Response: doxological hymn (9:5-6)
- III. Postscript: From Judgment To Salvation (9:7-15)
- I. Authorship, Date, Historical Setting
- II. Theme And General Content
- A. The Announcement of Edom’s Doom (vv.1-4)
- B. The Account of Edom’s Destruction (vv.5-7)
- C. The Aftermath of Edom’s Deeds (vv.8-14)
- A. Israel Will Prevail (vv.15-18)
- B. Israel Will Possess the Land (vv.19-21)
- I. Title, Content, And Canonical Placement
- II. Historical Setting, Authorship, and Date of Jonah
- III. Structure And Theological Themes
- I. Going Down (1:1-17)
- II. A Fervent Prayer (2:1-9)
- III. Message And Response (2:10-3:10)
- IV. Jonah And The Lord (4:1-11)
- I. Authorship And Date, Historical Setting
- II. Theme And General Content
- A. Denunciation of Idolatry, Materialism, and Covetousness—Judgment on the People of Samaria and Judah (1:1-2:13)
- B. Denunciation of Injustice and Greed—Judgment on the Leadership of Israel and Jerusalem (3:1-12)
- A. Consolation in Zion’s Restoration (4:1-13)
- B. Consolation in Messiah’s Birth and Restoration of a Remnant (5:1-15)
- C. Consolation in the Prophet’s Plea From God for Repentance and Restoration (6:1-7:20)
- I. Title, Content, And Canonical Placement
- II. Historical Setting, Authorship, And Date
- III. Structure And Theological Themes
- I. God Convenes The Court of Justice (1:1-15)
- II. Prepare For Punishment (2:1-13)
- III. Woe To The City of Blood (3:1-19)
- I. Authorship, Date, And Historical Background
- II. Structure And Content
- III. Theological Significance
- A. Habakkuk’s Complaint: Human Injustice and Divine Inactivity (1:1-4)
- B. Yahweh’s Response: Divine Justice Through the Babylonians (1:5-11)
- C. Habakkuk’s Second Complaint: The Inequity of Divine Justice (1:12-2:1)
- D. Yahweh’s Response: The Certainty of Babylon’s Destruction (2:2-20)
- A. An Appeal for Yahweh to Act (3:1-2)
- B. Activity of the Divine Warrior in History (3:3-15)
- C. Habakkuk’s Final Response of Faith (3:16-19)
- I. Time of Zephaniah’s Ministry
- II. Date of The Book
- IV. Style of Writing
- II. Judgment Against Judah And Jerusalem (1:2-18)
- III. Judgment Against The Nations (2:1-3:8)
- IV. The Blessings of Yahweh’s Presence (3:9-20)
- I. The Man And His Time
- II. The Book And Its Writing
- III. The Theology of The Book
- I. God’s Challenge To Rebuild The Temple (1:1-11)
- II. The Response To The Challenge (1:12-15)
- III. The Future Glory of The Temple (2:1-9)
- IV. Holiness And Proper Worship (2:10-19)
- V. God’s Proper Leader (2:20-23)
- I. Historical Background
- II. Composition And The Problem of Unity
- III. Content And Structure
- IV. Theological Significance
- I. Introduction: Call To Repentance (1:1-6)
- A. Vision One: Yahweh’s Patrol Reports False Security (1:7-17)
- B. Vision Two: Retribution Against Israel’s Enemies (1:18-21 [Heb 2:1-4])
- B1. Vision Three: Measuring Jerusalem’s Dimensions (2:1-13 [Heb 2:5-17])
- C. Vision Four: The High Priesthood Reestablished (3:1-10)
- C1. Vision Five: The Lampstand and Two Olive Trees (4:1-14)
- B2. Vision Six: The Curse of the Flying Scroll (5:1-4)
- B3. Vision Seven: The Woman in the Measuring Basket (5:5-11)
- A1. Vision Eight: The Four Chariots and Joshua’s Coronation (6:1-15)
- A. The Question Posed (7:1-3)
- B. The Sermon Concerning the Purpose of Fasting (7:4-14)
- C. Related Sayings of Encouragement (8:1-8)
- B1. The Sermon Promising to Restore Judah’s Fortunes (8:9-17)
- A1. The Answer Given (8:18-23)
- A. Yahweh’s Triumphant March Through Palestine (9:1-8)
- B. The Arrival of Zion’s King (9:9-10)
- C. The Deliverance of Zion’s People (9:11-10:1)
- D. Warning to Leaders and Encouragement for People (10:2-4)
- C1. Israel’s Victory and Deliverance (10:5-11:3)
- B1. The Fate of the Shepherd-King (11:4-17)
- C2. Deliverance for Besieged Jerusalem (12:1-9)
- B2. Mourning for the Pierced One (12:10-14)
- D1. Rejection of Fraudulent Prophets (13:1-6)
- B3. The Shepherd Is Slain (13:7-9)
- C3. The Struggle for Jerusalem (14:1-15)
- A1. The Universal Worship of Yahweh as King (14:16-21)
- I. Authorship
- II. Historical Setting—Time of Writing
- III. The Argument
- IV. Style
- V. Authenticity—Place In The Canon
- I. Superscription (1:1)
- II. God’s Love For Israel (1:2-5)
- III. Honor Belongs To The Lord (1:6-2:9)
- IV. The Sin of Divorce (2:10-16)
- V. The Day of Judgment (2:17-3:5)
- VI. On Robbing God (3:6-12)
- VII. Triumph of Righteousness (3:13-4:6)
- I. The Origins of The Gospel
- II. The Structure of The Gospel
- III. The Theology of The Gospel
- 1. Genealogy (1:1-17)
- 2. Birth and infancy (1:18-2:23)
- B. Preparation of Jesus for Ministry: Baptism and Temptation (3:1-4:16)
- A. General Heading (4:17)
- B. Calling of First Disciples (4:18-22)
- a. Realities of the kingdom (5:3-12)
- b. Responsibilities of the kingdom (5:13-16)
- c. Requirements of the kingdom: Righteousness (5:17-48)
- d. Requirements of the kingdom: Piety (6:1-18)
- e. Requirements of the kingdom: Possessions (6:19-34)
- f. Requirements of the kingdom: Judging of persons (7:1-12)
- g. Warnings regarding the kingdom (7:13-27)
- 2. Ten mighty acts (8:1-9:35)
- D. Announcement of the Kingdom Through the Ministry of the Disciples (9:35-11:1)
- E. Dual Responses to Jesus' Proclamation of the Kingdom (11:2-12:50)
- 1. Parables of the kingdom (13:1-52)
- 2. Movement toward Peter’s confession (13:53-16:20)
- A. General Heading (16:21)
- 1. Cross and glory (16:22-17:23)
- 2. Cross and community (17:24-18:35)
- 3. Cross and commitments (19:1-20:16)
- 4. Cross and servanthood (20:17-21:22)
- 5. Growing conflict (21:23-23:39)
- 6. Faithfulness in light of the end (24:1-25:46)
- 1. Crucifixion of Jesus (26:1-27:66)
- 2. Resurrection of Jesus (28:1-20)
- I. The Occasion of The Gospel of Mark
- III. Major Themes of The Gospel of Mark
- A. Jesus: God’s Good News (1:1-3)
- B. John Prepares the Way (1:4-9a)
- 1. Jesus' baptism and temptation (1:9b-13)
- 2. Jesus' proclamation of the kingdom (1:14-15)
- 1. The summons to discipleship (1:16-20)
- 2. The authority of Jesus (1:21-34)
- 3. Prayer and mission (1:35-45)
- 1. Authority to forgive sins (2:1-12)
- 2. Jesus with tax collectors and “sinners” (2:13-17)
- 3. The question of fasting (2:18-22)
- 4. Authority over the Sabbath (2:23-28)
- 5. Healing on the Sabbath (3:1-6)
- C. The Crowds Follow Jesus (3:7-12)
- A. The Appointing of the Twelve (3:13-19)
- B. A Redefinition of Family (3:20-35)
- 1. The parable of the sower (4:1-20)
- 2. Recognizing God’s presence in Jesus' ministry (4:21-25)
- 3. The parables of growth (4:26-32)
- 4. The parables (4:33-34)
- D. The Disciples' Lack of Faith (4:35-41)
- E. Jesus and Legion (5:1-20)
- F. The Healing of a Woman and Raising of a Dead Girl (5:21-43)
- 1. Jesus and the Twelve in ministry (6:1-13)
- 2. The passion of John the Baptist (6:14-29)
- 3. The feeding of the five thousand (6:30-44)
- 4. Jesus walks on the water (6:45-52)
- 5. The crowds come to Jesus (6:53-56)
- 1. The question of cleanliness (7:1-23)
- 2. The faith of a gentile woman (7:24-30)
- 3. A deaf and mute man healed (7:31-37)
- 4. The feeding of the four thousand and problems of perception (8:1-21)
- 5. A blind man healed (8:22-26)
- A. Peter’s Confession and Rebuke (8:27-33)
- B. Disciples of the Cross (8:34-9:1)
- C. The Transfiguration of Jesus (9:2-13)
- D. The Healing of a Young Demoniac (9:14-29)
- 1. The second Passion prediction (9:30-32)
- 2. Giving honor to disciples (9:33-37)
- 3. Who are Jesus' followers? (9:38-41)
- 4. A disciple’s responsibility (9:42-50)
- 1. The kingdom has come: Divorce as a test case (10:1-12)
- 2. Children, possessions, and entry into the kingdom (10:13-31)
- 3. Jesus' passion and the way of service (10:32-45)
- 4. On receiving sight and following Jesus (10:46-52)
- A. The Entry Into Jerusalem (11:1-11)
- B. Jesus, the Fig Tree, and the Temple (11:12-26)
- 1. The question of authority (11:27-12:12)
- 2. The question of taxation (12:13-17)
- 3. The question of the Resurrection (12:18-27)
- 4. The greatest commandment (12:28-34)
- 5. The teachers of the law challenged (12:35-44)
- 1. The beginning of the end (13:1-4)
- 2. Tribulation and perseverance (13:5-23)
- 3. The coming of the Son of Man (13:24-37)
- A. Conspiracy and Devotion (14:1-11)
- B. The Last Supper (14:12-31)
- C. Prayer in Gethsemane (14:32-42)
- D. Betrayal and Arrest (14:43-52)
- E. Peter and Jesus on Trial (14:53-72)
- 1. Pilate’s interrogation (15:1-5)
- 2. The release of Barabbas (15:6-15)
- 3. Jesus' mockery (15:16-20a)
- 1. The Crucifixion (15:20b-32)
- 2. The death of Jesus (15:33-39)
- 3. Witnesses at the cross (15:40-41)
- H. The Empty Tomb (15:42-16:8)
- I. Authorship, Date, Place of Origin, and Destination
- II. Sources
- III. Luke As A Historian
- IV. The Purpose of The Gospel
- V. Theology
- VI. Luke As A Writer
- I. Introduction (1:1-4)
- A. The Annunciation of the Births of John the Baptist and Jesus (1:5-56)
- B. The Birth of John the Baptist (1:57-80)
- C. The Birth of Jesus (2:1-20)
- D. The Infancy of Jesus (2:21-40)
- E. The Boyhood of Jesus (2:41-52)
- A. The Mission of John the Baptist (3:1-20)
- B. The Baptism of Jesus (3:21-22)
- C. The Genealogy of Jesus (3:23-38)
- D. The Temptation of Jesus (4:1-13)
- A. Preaching and Healing in Nazareth and Capernaum (4:14-44)
- B. The Call of the First Disciples (5:1-11)
- C. A Leper and a Paralyzed Man (5:12-26)
- D. The Call of Levi (5:27-39)
- E. Conflict About the Sabbath (6:1-11)
- F. The Appointment of the Twelve (6:12-16)
- G. The Sermon on a Level Place (6:17-49)
- H. The Centurion’s Servant and the Widow’s Son (7:1-17)
- I. Jesus and John the Baptist (7:18-35)
- J. The Sinful Woman (7:36-50)
- K. The Women (8:1-3)
- L. The Parable of the Sower (8:4-15)
- M. Sayings About Discipleship and Jesus' Family (8:16-21)
- N. The Storm (8:22-25)
- O. The Gerasene Demoniac (8:26-39)
- P. Jairus' Daughter and the Woman With a Flow of Blood (8:40-56)
- Q. The Mission of the Twelve (9:1-9)
- R. The Five Thousand (9:10-17)
- S. Peter’s Confession of Jesus as the Christ (9:18-27)
- T. The Transfiguration and the Epileptic Boy (9:28-45)
- U. The Dispute About Greatness (9:46-50)
- V. The Journey To Jerusalem (9:51-19:27)
- A. Samaria (9:51-56)
- B. Following Jesus (9:57-62)
- C. The Mission of the Seventy (10:1-24)
- D. The Commandments of Love and the Parable of the Good Samaritan (10:25-37)
- E. Martha and Mary (10:38-42)
- F. Prayer (11:1-13)
- G. Controversy About Demons (11:14-28)
- H. The Sign of Jonah and the Lamp of the Body (11:29-36)
- I. Woes to Pharisees and Legal Experts (11:37-54)
- J. Warnings and Assurances (12:1-12)
- K. Worldly Wealth, Watchfulness, Judgment, and Repentance (12:13-13:9)
- L. The Crippled Woman (13:10-17)
- M. Teaching About the Kingdom of God and Judgment (13:18-35)
- N. Jesus at a Pharisee’s House (14:1-24)
- O. Counting the Cost (14:25-35)
- P. Parables of God’s Mercy (15:1-32)
- Q. The Use and Danger of Riches (16:1-31)
- R. Forgiveness and Faith (17:1-10)
- S. The Ten Lepers (17:11-19)
- T. The Kingdom, the Present, and the Future (17:20-37)
- U. The Parables of the Persistent Widow and the Pharisee and the Tax Collector (18:1-14)
- V. More Teaching About the Kingdom (18:15-34)
- W. Jesus in Jericho (18:35-19:27)
- A. The Entry (19:28-48)
- B. The Opposition (20:1-21:4)
- C. Teaching About the End (21:5-38)
- D. The Last Supper (22:1-38)
- E. The Agony (22:39-46)
- F. The Arrest (22:47-53)
- G. Peter’s Denial (22:54-62)
- H. The Trial (22:63-23:25)
- I. The Crucifixion (23:26-56)
- J. The Resurrection (24:1-53)
- I. The Spiritual Gospel
- II. Theology
- III. Authorship
- I. Prologue (1:1-18)
- A. John’s First Testimony (1:19-34)
- B. Jesus' First Disciples (1:35-51)
- C. Water Changed Into Wine (2:1-12)
- D. Clearing of the Temple (2:13-25)
- E. Interview With Nicodemus (3:1-21)
- F. John’s Second Testimony (3:22-36)
- 1. Visit with the woman at the well (4:1-26)
- 2. Reaction of the disciples (4:27-38)
- 3. Response of the villagers (4:39-42)
- H. Healing of an Official’s Son (4:43-54)
- 1. Sabbath healing at the Pool of Bethesda (5:1-15)
- 2. Controversy with the Jews (5:16-30)
- 3. Various testimonies about Jesus (5:31-47)
- 1. Feeding (6:1-15)
- 2. Jesus' walk on the lake (6:16-24)
- 3. Teaching about the bread of life (6:25-59)
- 4. Desertion by many disciples (6:60-71)
- 1. Jesus' journey to the feast (7:1-13)
- 2. Jesus' teaching and the reaction of the crowd (7:14-44)
- 3. Unbelief of the Jewish leaders (7:45-52)
- 4. Woman accused of adultery (7:53-8:11)
- 5. Validity of Jesus' testimony about himself (8:12-30)
- 6. Parentage of the Jews (8:31-47)
- 7. Jesus' response to the charge of being a Samaritan (8:48-59)
- 1. Healing (9:1-12)
- 2. Investigation by the Pharisees (9:13-34)
- 3. Spiritual sight (9:35-41)
- M. Discourse on the Good Shepherd (10:1-21)
- N. Unbelief at the Feast of Dedication (10:22-39)
- O. Ministry on the Other Side of the Jordan (10:40-42)
- 1. Death of Lazarus (11:1-16)
- 2. Jesus' meeting with Martha and Mary (11:17-37)
- 3. Resurrection (11:38-44)
- 4. Reactions to the miracle (11:45-54)
- 1. Anointing at Bethany (11:55-12:11)
- 2. Triumphal entry (12:12-19)
- 3. Prediction of approaching death (12:20-36)
- 4. Unbelief and belief (12:37-50)
- A. Foot Washing (13:1-17)
- B. Jesus' Prediction of Betrayal (13:18-30)
- C. Jesus' Prediction of Denial (13:31-38)
- 1. Jesus, the Way to the Father (14:1-14)
- 2. Loving Jesus and its result (14:15-31)
- 3. Allegory of the vine (15:1-17)
- 4. World’s hatred of Jesus' disciples (15:18-16:4)
- 5. Work of the Counselor (16:5-15)
- 6. Joy that cancels grief (16:16-33)
- 7. Jesus' prayer (17:1-26)
- 1. Arrest (18:1-11)
- 2. Rejection and denial (18:12-27)
- 3. Trial before Pilate (18:28-40)
- 4. Flogging and sentence (19:1-16)
- B. Execution and Burial (19:17-42)
- 1. Empty tomb (20:1-9)
- 2. Appearance to Mary Magdalene (20:10-18)
- 3. Appearances to the disciples (20:19-29)
- V. Purpose Statement (20:30-31)
- A. Catch of Fish (21:1-14)
- B. Jesus' Conversation With Peter (21:15-23)
- C. Authorship and Omissions (21:24-25)
- I. Reliability
- II. Authorship
- III. Date
- IV. Sources
- V. Historicity
- VI. Purpose
- A. Context of the New Community (1:1-11)
- B. The Waiting Community (1:12-26)
- C. Content of the New Community (2:1-42)
- D. Structure of the New Community (2:43-47)
- 1. First opposition (3:1-4:31)
- 2. Community life (4:32-5:11)
- 3. Second opposition (5:12-42)
- 4. Community life (6:1-6)
- 5. Third opposition (6:8-8:4)
- 1. The Samaritans (8:5-25)
- 2. The proselyte (8:26-40)
- 3. Saul’s conversion (9:1-31)
- A. Peter’s Travels (9:32-43)
- B. Peter and Cornelius (10:1-48)
- C. Jewish-Christian Opposition in Jerusalem (11:1-18)
- A. From Jerusalem to Antioch (11:19-26)
- B. From Antioch to Jerusalem (11:27-12:25)
- A. Cyprus Mission to Jews (13:1-12)
- B. Galatian Mission to Gentiles (13:13-14:28)
- A. The Nature of the Issue (15:1-5)
- B. The Jerusalem Council (15:6-29)
- C. Return to Antioch (15:30-35)
- 1. Antioch to Troas (15:36-16:8)
- 2. Greece (16:9-18:17)
- 3. Return to Antioch (18:18-22)
- 1. Through Galatia and Phrygia to Ephesus (18:23-20:1)
- 2. Macedonia, Greece, and back to Jerusalem (20:2-21:16)
- 1. Problems with Jewish Christians (21:17-26)
- 2. Riot and Arrest (21:27-22:29)
- 3. Hearing before the Sanhedrin (22:30-23:10)
- 4. The plot against Paul (23:11-22)
- 1. Paul to Caesarea (23:23-35)
- 2. Hearing before Felix (24:1-27)
- 3. Hearing before Festus (25:1-12)
- 4. Hearing before Festus and Agrippa (25:13-26:32)
- A. Caesarea to Crete (27:1-13)
- B. Shipwreck (27:14-44)
- C. Winter on Malta (28:1-10)
- D. Malta to Rome (28:11-16)
- X. Paul In Rome (28:17-31)
- I. The Author And The Roman Church
- II. Time and Place of Origin of the Epistle
- III. Occasion And Purpose
- IV. Development of the Theme
- V. The Epistle To The Romans And Wesleyan Theology
- A. Opening Section (1:1-7)
- B. Paul and the Romans (1:8-15)
- C. Theme of the Epistle (1:16-17)
- A. God’s Wrath Against the World (1:18-32)
- B. God’s Righteous Judgment (2:1-16)
- C. The Jews and the Law (2:17-29)
- D. Objections Answered (3:1-8)
- E. All Under Sin (3:9-20)
- A. Righteousness Through Faith (3:21-26)
- 1. Justification by faith (3:27-31)
- 2. Illustration from Abraham (4:1-25)
- 3. Benefits of justification by faith (5:1-11)
- 4. Universal applicability of justification (5:12-21)
- 1. Union with Christ (6:1-14)
- 2. Freedom from sin, slavery to righteousness (6:15-23)
- a. Dead to the law (7:1-6)
- b. The law, the sin, and the flesh (7:7-25)
- 4. Life in the Spirit (8:1-17)
- D. Future Glory (8:18-27)
- E. Assurance (8:28-39)
- A. Paul’s Sorrow for Israel (9:1-5)
- B. God’s Sovereignty (9:6-29)
- C. Israel’s Unbelief (9:30-10:21)
- D. Israel’s Remnant (11:1-10)
- E. Israel’s Future Salvation (11:11-32)
- F. Concluding Doxology (11:33-36)
- A. General Principle (12:1-2)
- 1. Ministries in the church (12:3-8)
- 2. Love as the standard of Christian conduct (12:9-21)
- 3. Christian civil duties (13:1-10)
- 4. Christ’s return and purity of life (13:11-14)
- a. Not to judge one another (14:1-12)
- b. Love as well as knowledge (14:13-23)
- c. Unity of the strong and the weak (15:1-13)
- A. Paul’s Ministry to the Gentiles (15:14-22)
- B. Paul’s Plan to Visit Rome (15:23-33)
- C. Personal Greetings (16:1-27)
- I. The City And Its People
- II. The Church And Its Problems
- III. Literary Unity of 1 and 2 Corinthians
- IV. Occasion And Purpose
- V. Theological Relevance of 1 and 2 Corinthians
- A. Prescript (1:1-3)
- B. Thanksgiving (1:4-9)
- A. Appeal for Unity (1:10-17)
- B. The Gospel (1:18-2:5)
- C. The Problem (2:6-3:4)
- D. The Solution (3:5-4:17)
- E. Transition: Preparation for Paul’s Visit (4:18-21)
- A. Immorality: Incest (5:1-13)
- B. Lawsuits (6:1-8)
- C. Transition: The Unrighteous (6:9-11)
- D. Immorality: Prostitution (6:12-20)
- E. Sex, Marriage, and Celibacy (7:1-40)
- F. Food Sacrificed to Idols (8:1-11:1)
- 1. Men and women in church (11:2-16)
- 2. Abuse of the Lord’s Supper (11:17-34)
- 3. Other directions (11:34b)
- a. Spiritual gifts (12:1-31)
- (1) The necessity of love (13:1-3)
- (2) The activity of love (13:4-7)
- (3) The eternity of love (13:8-13)
- (1) The criterion of intelligibility (14:1-25)
- (2) The criterion of order (14:26-40)
- 1. The message of the Resurrection (15:1-11)
- 2. The fact of the Resurrection (15:12-34)
- 3. The mode of the Resurrection (15:35-58)
- I. Travel Plans (16:1-12)
- IV. Closing (16:13-24)
- I. The City And Its People
- II. The Church and Its Problems
- III. The Literary Unity of 1 and 2 Corinthians
- IV. The Occasion And Purpose
- V. Theological Relevance of 1 and 2 Corinthians
- A. Prescript (1:1-2)
- B. Thanksgiving (1:3-7)
- 1. Autobiographical notices (1:8-2:13)
- a. The nature of Paul’s ministry (2:14-4:1)
- (1) The power of Paul’s message (4:2-6)
- (2) The weakness of Paul’s person (4:7-16a)
- c. The Resurrection hope (4:16b-5:10)
- d. Responsibility and reconciliation (5:11-6:2)
- (1) Assertions (6:3-12)
- (2) Appeals (6:13-7:4)
- 3. Autobiographical notices continued (7:5-16)
- a. Complete the collection (8:1-15)
- b. The delegation (8:16-9:5)
- c. Benefits of generosity (9:6-15)
- 1. Introduction: Paul’s unimpressive presence (10:1-11)
- a. Competition and commendation (10:12-18)
- b. Foolish boasting (11:1-12:13)
- 3. Conclusion: Paul’s imminent presence (12:14-13:10)
- III. Letter Closing (13:11-13)
- I. Authorship
- II. Readers
- III. Date
- IV. Occasion
- I. Salutation (1:1-5)
- A. Without a Rival (1:6-10)
- B. Revealed by God (1:11-24)
- C. Supported by Jerusalem Council (2:1-10)
- D. Based on Faith for All People (2:11-21)
- A. The Experience of the Galatians (3:1-5)
- B. The Principle of Faith Illustrated in the Abraham Narrative (3:6-4:7)
- C. The Readers and Their Relationship to Paul (4:8-20)
- D. An Allegory From History (4:21-31)
- A. Stand in Freedom (5:1-12)
- B. Freedom As a Basis for Service (5:13-26)
- C. Warning To Be Careful in Judging (6:1-5)
- D. Closing Metaphor on Sowing (6:6-10)
- V. Concluding Remarks And Benediction (6:11-18)
- I. The Author
- II. The Occasion
- III. The Date
- I. Salutation (1:1-2)
- A. The Role of Jesus Christ in the Formation of God’s New Community (1:4-14)
- B. A Prayer for Spiritual Insight Within the New Community (1:15-23)
- C. The Unique Nature of God’s New Community (2:1-22)
- D. How Paul Came to the Knowledge of the Mystery (3:1-13)
- E. A Prayer for the Ephesians (3:14-21)
- A. General Exhortation (4:1-3)
- 1. Unity of the new community (4:4-6)
- 2. Gifts for the new community (4:7-12)
- 3. Challenge for the new community (4:13-16)
- 4. Moral standards for members of the new community (4:17-5:20)
- 5. Submission as the standard for human relationships (5:21-6:9)
- 6. Provisions for triumphant living (6:10-20)
- A. Tychicus, the Messenger (6:21-22)
- B. Benediction (6:23-24)
- II. Authorship
- III. Date And Origin
- IV. The Unity of the Letter
- V. Characteristics
- A. Salutation (1:1-2)
- B. Paul’s Grateful, Affectionate Prayer (1:3-11)
- A. His Confinement Has Advanced the Gospel (1:12-18)
- B. Living Means Christ, Dying Is Gain (1:19-26)
- A. Appeal for Unity, Faithfulness, and Perseverance (1:27-30)
- 1. Living and loving for others (2:1-4)
- 2. The humility and exaltation of the Servant-Christ: our example and pattern (2:5-11)
- C. Cooperating With God (2:12-13)
- D. Shining as Examples of Holy Living (2:14-18)
- A. Timothy To Be Sent Soon (2:19-24)
- B. Epaphroditus, Now Well, Is Returning (2:25-30)
- 1. Rejoice in the Lord: beware of law-righteousness (3:1-2)
- a. Real “circumcision” is in Christ (3:3)
- b. Paul’s former impressive standing means nothing (3:4-7)
- c. The surpassing excellence of Christ (3:8-9)
- 1. Sharing the power of life through death (3:10-11)
- C. A Plea for Unity and Cooperation (4:2-3)
- D. Rejoice—Be Patient—Pray (4:4-7)
- E. Think Christianly (4:8-9)
- A. Paul’s Contentment and Sufficiency in Christ (4:10-13)
- B. God Will Honor Their Generosity (4:14-20)
- VIII. Final Greetings—Benediction (4:21-22)
- I. The Question of Authenticity
- II. The City of Colosse
- III. The Occasion of the Letter
- IV. The Development of the Argument
- V. Influence On Wesleyan Thought
- A. Paul’s Ministry as an Apostle (1:1-2:5)
- B. The False Teaching at Colosse (2:6-23)
- A. Moral Exhortations for Christian Living (3:1-11)
- B. Social Duties Within Christian Community (3:12-4:1)
- C. Personal Examples of Servanthood (4:2-15)
- D. Instructions to Area Churches (4:16)
- E. Exhortation for Archippus’s Ministry (4:17)
- F. Closing Salutation (4:18)
- I. The Setting
- III. The Pauline Mission In Thessalonica
- IV. Date And Occasion
- I. Greeting (1:1)
- 1. Thanksgiving Prayer (1:2-3)
- 2. Thanksgiving for the Effectiveness of the Gospel (1:4-10)
- 1. Motives and Conduct (2:1-6)
- 2. Examples (2:7-12)
- C. Further Thanksgiving (2:13-16)
- 1. Desire To See Spiritual Children (2:17-20)
- 2. Timothy’s Mission (3:1-5)
- 3. Timothy’s Report (3:6-10)
- III. First Prayer (3:11-13)
- 1. General Exhortations to Growth (4:1-2)
- 2. Holiness and Sexuality (4:3-8)
- 3. Love in Action (4:9-12)
- 1. The Dead in Christ (4:13-15)
- 2. The Coming of the Lord (4:16-18)
- 3. The Day of the Lord (5:1-5)
- 4. Watchfulness and Armor (5:6-10)
- 5. Pastoral Summary (5:11)
- 1. Respect for Leaders (5:12-15)
- 2. Principles for Life in the Spirit (5:16-22)
- V. Second Prayer (5:23-24)
- VI. Closing Remarks (5:25-28)
- I. The Setting
- I. Greeting (1:1-2)
- A. Thanksgiving (1:3-4)
- B. God’s Righteous Judgment (1:5-10)
- C. Prayer (1:11-12)
- A. The Rise of the Man of Lawlessness (2:1-4)
- B. The Fall of the Man of Lawlessness (2:5-12)
- A. Thanksgiving (2:13-15)
- B. First Prayer (2:16-17)
- C. Prayer Request (3:1-4)
- D. Second Prayer (3:5)
- A. On Idleness (3:6-13)
- B. On Discipline (3:14-15)
- A. Third Prayer (3:16)
- B. Closing Greetings (3:17-18)
- I. Authorship and Dating
- II. Audience
- III. Historical Background And Purpose
- IV. Literary Characteristics
- A. Greetings of Paul to Timothy (1:1-2)
- B. Errors of False Teachers Versus the Truth of God’s Command (1:3-7)
- C. Purpose of the Law (1:8-11)
- D. Salvation of Paul (1:12-17)
- E. Challenge to Timothy (1:18-20)
- A. Primacy of Prayer (2:1-10)
- B. Special Instructions for Women (2:11-15)
- 1. The Elder (3:1-7)
- 2. Deacon (3:8-13)
- 1. Mystery of Godliness (3:14-16)
- 2. Truth Versus Deception (4:1-5)
- 3. Life of Godliness (4:6-10)
- 1. Conduct of Timothy (4:11-16)
- 2. Relationship Between Older and Younger (5:1-2)
- 3. Care for Widows (5:3-16)
- 4. Care of the Elders (5:17-20)
- 5. Care of Timothy (5:21-23)
- 6. Discernment of Conduct (5:24-25)
- F. Relationship Between Slaves and Masters (6:1-2)
- G. Conflict Between Love of Money and Godliness (6:3-10)
- H. Fight of Faith (6:11-16)
- I. Teaching for the Rich (6:17-19)
- J. Importance of These Commands and Teachings (6:20-21)
- I. Authorship and Dating
- II. Audience
- III. Historical Background And Purpose
- IV. Literary Characteristics
- I. Introduction (1:1-2)
- A. Fan into Flames God’s Gift (1:3-7)
- B. Suffer for the Gospel (1:8-12a)
- C. Guard the Deposit (1:12b-14)
- D. Know the Deserters and the Refreshers (1:15-18)
- A. Be Strong in Christ (2:1-7)
- B. Be Faithful to Christ (2:8-13)
- C. Present Yourself to God (2:14-26)
- A. Be Aware of the Last Days (3:1-9)
- B. Continue in Faithfulness (3:10-17)
- C. Receive the Charge (4:1-8)
- A. Come Quickly (4:9-13)
- B. Guard the Faith (4:14-15)
- C. Glorify God (4:16-18)
- VI. Farewell (4:19-22)
- I. Authorship and Dating
- II. Audience
- III. Historical Background And Purpose
- IV. Literary Characteristics
- A. Promised by God (1:1-2)
- B. Entrusted to Paul (1:3)
- C. Illustrated in Titus (1:4)
- A. Choosing Elders (1:5-9)
- B. Identifying the Rebellious (1:10-16)
- A. Applied to Relationships (2:1-10)
- B. Designed to Redeem and Purify (2:11-15)
- C. Applied in Lifestyle (3:1-2)
- A. Saved and Justified by God (3:3-7)
- B. Devoted to Doing Good (3:8) and Warned to Avoid the Unprofitable (3:9-11)
- V. Furthering Sound Doctrine (3:12-15)
- A. Salutation (vv.1-3)
- B. Thanksgiving (vv.4-7)
- A. A Commendation of Onesimus (vv.8-14)
- B. A Request of Philemon (vv.15-21)
- A. Proposed Visit (v.22).
- B. Personal Greetings (vv.23-25).
- I. Occasion
- II. Author
- I. Introduction: “My Son” (1:1-2:4)
- II. First Point: “You Crowned Him” (2:5-18)
- III. Second Point: “Today” (3:1-4:13)
- IV. Third Point: “A Priest Forever” (4:14-7:28)
- V. Fourth Point: “A New Covenant” (8:1-10:31)
- VI. Fifth Point: “By Faith” (10:32-12:2)
- VII. Sixth Point: “Do Not Lose Heart” (12:3-13:19)
- VIII. Closing: “The God Of Peace” (13:20-25)
- I. Character
- II. Audience
- III. Author
- IV. Date
- V. Theology
- I. Salutation (1:1)
- A. Making Tests Work for You (1:2-4)
- B. Making Prayer Work for You (1:5-8)
- C. Managing Change (1:9-11)
- D. When Testing Is Misused (1:12-16)
- E. God’s Creative Role (1:17-19a)
- F. Attending the Implanted Word (1:19b-21)
- G. The Fruit of Gracious Deeds (1:22-27)
- A. Recognition of Social Discrimination as Sin (2:1-9)
- B. Operation of the Law of Liberty (2:10-13)
- C. Faith Reaching Out in Acts of Mercy (2:14-26)
- D. Critical Selection of Teachers (3:1-12)
- E. Crucial Exercise of Wisdom (3:13-18)
- A. Summons to Surrender to God (4:1-10)
- B. Warning Against Playing God (4:11-12)
- C. Caution Against Ignoring God (4:13-17)
- D. Alerting to God’s Judgment (5:1-6)
- A. The Quality of Patience (5:7-11)
- B. The Exigence of Integrity (5:12)
- C. Drawing on Resources (5:13-18)
- D. Renewing the Bonds (5:19-20)
- I. Overview
- II. Author
- III. Recipients
- IV. Occasion
- I. Epistolary Greeting (1:1-2)
- II. God’s Saving Grace: Rebirth to a New Way of Life (1:3-12)
- 1. Holiness (1:14-21)
- 2. Love (1:22-2:3)
- 3. Election (2:4-10)
- 1. Good conduct in situations of conflict (2:11-12)
- 2. Christians in society (2:13-17)
- 3. Servants and cruel masters (2:18-25)
- 4. Wives and non-Christian husbands (3:1-6)
- 5. Husbands and their Christian wives (3:7)
- a. The community’s internal relations (3:8; 4:7-11)
- b. The community’s external relations with a hostile world (3:9-4:6)
- 1. In response to hostilities (4:12-19)
- 2. In structuring community life (5:1-7)
- 3. In resisting evil (5:8-11)
- IV. Final Greeting (5:12-14)
- I. Overview
- II. Author
- III. Recipients
- IV. Occasion
- I. Epistolary Greeting (1:1-2)
- II. The Resources For Growth In Grace (1:3-11)
- A. The Prophetic Word Fulfilled by Jesus (1:12-21)
- B. The Perverted Word Condemned by God (2:1-22)
- A. The Certainty of the Lord’s Coming (3:1-7)
- B. The “Timing” of the Lord’s Coming (3:8-10)
- C. The Responsibilities in View of the Lord’s Coming (3:11-17)
- V. The Final Exhortation: Grow In Grace (3:18)
- I. Author
- II. Destination
- III. The Situation
- IV. Theological Perspective
- I. The Preface (1:1-4)
- A. False Teachings (1:6-2:2)
- B. The Truth of the Gospel (1:7-10)
- C. The Ongoing Provision of the Atonement (2:1-2)
- D. Knowledge of God Evidenced by Keeping His Commandments (2:3-11)
- E. Exhortation to Various Groups of Believers (2:12-14)
- F. Exhortation to Avoid Worldliness (2:15-17)
- G. Warning Against Antichrists (2:18-27)
- H. Summary (2:28)
- A. Likeness to God to Be Perfected at the Second Coming (3:1-3)
- B. Righteousness the Antithesis of Sin (3:4-6)
- C. Children of God Contrasted with Children of the Devil (3:7-10)
- D. Righteousness Manifested in Love of the Brothers (3:11-24)
- E. Exhortation to Test the Spirits (4:1-6)
- IV. God Is Love—Fellowship As Acting In Love (4:7-21)
- A. Results of Life in the Son (5:1-5)
- B. Witnesses to the Son (5:6-12)
- 1. Confidence in prayer (5:13-15)
- 2. Responsibility to the fallen brother (5:16-17)
- 3. Security in the Son (5:18-20)
- 4. The final word (5:21)
- I. The Destination (Vv.1-2)
- II. The Greeting (V.3)
- III. The Occasion For The Letter (V.4)
- IV. The Warning (Vv.5-11)
- V. Conclusion (Vv.12-13)
- I. Salutation (Vv.1-4)
- II. The Issue Of The Letter (Vv.5-8)
- III. The Troublemaker (Vv.9-11)
- IV. The Good Demetrius (V.12)
- V. Conclusion (Vv.13-14)
- I. Author And Date
- II. Relationship of Jude and 2 Peter
- III. Literary Form
- I. Greeting (Vv.1-2)
- II. The Polemic (Vv.3-19)
- III. Exhortation To Edification And Evangelism (Vv.20-23)
- IV. Doxology (Vv.24-25)
- I. Authorship, Date And Cultural Situation
- III. Wesleyan/Holiness Methods of Interpreting Revelation
- IV. Revelation And Wesleyan/Holiness Themes
- A. Prologue to an Authoritative Apocalypse (1:1-8)
- B. John’s Call (1:9-11)
- C. Christ at the Center of the Church (1:12-20)
- D. Letters to the Seven Churches (2:1-3:22)
- A. Adoration of God as Creator (4:1-11)
- B. Adoration of the Lamb as Conqueror (5:1-14)
- A. The First Six Seals (6:1-17)
- 1. Interlude of sealing the saints (7:1-8)
- 2. Interlude of the martyrs' chorus (7:9-17)
- C. The Seventh Seal (8:1-5)
- D. First Four Trumpets (8:6-12)
- E. First Two Woes/Fifth and Sixth Trumpets (8:13-9:21)
- 1. Interlude of angel and little scroll (10:1-11)
- 2. Interlude of the two witnesses (11:1-13)
- G. Third Woe and Seventh Trumpet (11:14-19)
- A. The Woman and the Dragon (12:1-17)
- B. The Leopard Beast (13:1-10)
- C. The Lamblike Beast (13:11-18)
- D. Song of the 144,000 (14:1-5)
- E. Anticipations of Judgment (14:6-13)
- F. Judgment at God’s Winepress (14:14-20)
- G. Martyrs' Song of Moses (15:1-4)
- A. The Seven Bowls (15:5-16:21)
- B. Identification of Babylon/Rome (17:1-18)
- C. Judgment of Babylon/Rome (18:1-24)
- D. Fourfold Hallelujah Chorus (19:1-6)
- E. Invitation to the Marriage Supper (19:7-10)
- A. Coming of the True Conqueror (19:11-16)
- B. Capture of the Evil Trinity (19:17-21)
- C. Binding of Satan (20:1-10)
- D. Judgment (20:11-15)
- A. “I Am Doing a New Thing!” (21:1-8)
- B. The Holy City (21:9-22:5)
- C. Epilogue (22:6-21)
Asbury Bible Commentary Copyright © 1992 by The Zondervan Corporation.