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And beside it are two olive trees,[a] one on the right of the bowl and one to its left.”

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Footnotes

  1. 4:3 Olive trees: visionary image that picks up the botanical language describing the Israelite cultic lampstands, with the olive trees specifically connoting fertility, permanence, and righteousness.

14 Then he said, “These are the two anointed ones[a] who stand by the Lord of the whole earth.”(A)

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Footnotes

  1. 4:14 Two anointed ones: two leadership positions in the ideal restored nation. The concept of a state headed by both priestly and political leaders harks back to premonarchic traditions (Aaron and Moses) and finds an echo in the two messianic figures—a Davidic and a levitical messiah—in the Dead Sea Scrolls and in apocryphal literature. See also the two crowns of 6:11–14.