Footnotes

1. Revelation 12:8 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the implied contrast.
2. Revelation 12:8 tn The words “to prevail” are not in the Greek text, but are implied.
3. Revelation 12:8 tn Grk “found.”
4. Revelation 12:8 tn Grk “for them”; the referent (the dragon and his angels, v. 7) has been specified in the translation for clarity.
5. Revelation 12:9 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “so” to indicate the result of the war in heaven.
6. Revelation 12:10 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence of events within the vision.
7. Revelation 12:10 tn Or “the right of his Messiah to rule.” See L&N 37.35.
8. Revelation 12:10 tn Or “Messiah”; both “Christ” (Greek) and “Messiah” (Hebrew and Aramaic) mean “one who has been anointed.”
9. Revelation 12:10 tn Grk “brothers,” but the Greek word may be used for “brothers and sisters” or “fellow Christians” (cf. BDAG 18 s.v. ἀδελφός 1, where considerable nonbiblical evidence for the plural ἀδελφοί [adelphoi] meaning “brothers and sisters” is cited). The translation “fellow believer” would normally apply (L&N 11.23), but since the speaker(s) are not specified in this context, it is not clear if such a translation would be appropriate here. The more generic “brothers and sisters” was chosen to emphasize the fact of a relationship without specifying its type.
10. Revelation 12:10 tn Or “who accuses them continually.”