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Numbers 28-29
New English Translation

Daily Offerings

28 [a] The Lord spoke to Moses: 2 “Command the Israelites:[b] ‘With regard to my offering,[c] be sure to offer[d] my food for my offering made by fire, as a pleasing aroma to me at its appointed time.’[e] 3 You will say to them, ‘This is the offering made by fire that you must offer to the Lord: two unblemished lambs one year old each day for a continual[f] burnt offering. 4 The first lamb you must offer in the morning, and the second lamb you must offer in the late afternoon,[g] 5 with one-tenth of an ephah[h] of finely ground flour as a grain offering mixed with one-quarter of a hin[i] of pressed olive oil. 6 It is a continual burnt offering that was instituted on Mount Sinai as a pleasing aroma, an offering made by fire to the Lord.

7 “‘And its drink offering must be one-quarter of a hin for each lamb.[j] You must pour out the strong drink[k] as a drink offering to the Lord in the Holy Place. 8 And the second lamb you must offer in the late afternoon; just as you offered the grain offering and drink offering in the morning,[l] you must offer it as an offering made by fire, as a pleasing aroma to the Lord.

Weekly Offerings

9 “‘On the Sabbath day, you must offer[m] two unblemished lambs a year old, and two-tenths of an ephah[n] of finely ground flour as a grain offering, mixed with olive oil, along with its drink offering. 10 This is the burnt offering for every Sabbath,[o] besides the continual burnt offering and its drink offering.

Monthly Offerings

11 “‘On the first day of each month[p] you must offer as a burnt offering to the Lord two young bulls, one ram, and seven unblemished lambs a year old, 12 with three-tenths of an ephah of finely ground flour mixed with olive oil as a grain offering for each bull, and two-tenths of an ephah of finely ground flour mixed with olive oil as a grain offering for the ram, 13 and one-tenth of an ephah of finely ground flour mixed with olive oil as a grain offering for each lamb, as a burnt offering for a pleasing aroma, an offering made by fire to the Lord. 14 For their drink offerings, include[q] half a hin of wine with each bull, one-third of a hin for the ram, and one-fourth of a hin for each lamb. This is the burnt offering for each month[r] throughout the months of the year. 15 And one male goat[s] must be offered to the Lord as a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering and its drink offering.

The Passover

16 “‘On the fourteenth day of the first month is the Lord’s Passover. 17 And on the fifteenth day of this month is the festival. For seven days bread made without yeast must be eaten. 18 And on the first day there is to be a holy assembly; you must do no ordinary work[t] on it.

19 “‘But you must offer to the Lord an offering made by fire, a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram, and seven lambs one year old; they must all be unblemished.[u] 20 And their grain offering is to be of finely ground flour mixed with olive oil. For each bull you must offer three-tenths of an ephah, and two-tenths for the ram. 21 For each of the seven lambs you are to offer one-tenth of an ephah, 22 as well as one goat for a purification offering, to make atonement for you. 23 You must offer these in addition to the burnt offering in the morning that is for a continual burnt offering. 24 In this manner you must offer daily throughout the seven days the food of the sacrifice made by fire as a sweet aroma to the Lord. It is to be offered in addition to the continual burnt offering and its drink offering. 25 On the seventh day you are to have a holy assembly, you must do no regular work.

Firstfruits

26 “‘Also, on the day of the firstfruits, when you bring a new grain offering to the Lord during your Feast of Weeks, you are to have a holy assembly. You must do no ordinary work. 27 But you must offer as the burnt offering, as a sweet aroma to the Lord, two young bulls, one ram, seven lambs one year old, 28 with their grain offering of finely ground flour mixed with olive oil: three-tenths of an ephah for each bull, two-tenths for the one ram, 29 with one-tenth for each of the seven lambs, 30 as well as one male goat to make an atonement for you. 31 You are to offer them with their drink offerings in addition to the continual burnt offering and its grain offering—they must be unblemished.

Blowing Trumpets

29 “‘On the first day of the seventh month, you are to hold a holy assembly. You must not do your ordinary work, for it is a day of blowing trumpets for you. 2 You must offer a burnt offering as a sweet aroma to the Lord: one young bull, one ram, and seven lambs one year old without blemish.

3 “‘Their grain offering is to be of finely ground flour mixed with olive oil, three-tenths of an ephah for the bull, two-tenths of an ephah for the ram, 4 and one-tenth for each of the seven lambs, 5 with one male goat for a purification offering to make an atonement for you; 6 this is in addition to the monthly burnt offering and its grain offering, and the daily burnt offering with its grain offering and their drink offerings as prescribed, as a sweet aroma, a sacrifice made by fire to the Lord.

The Day of Atonement

7 “‘On the tenth day of this seventh month you are to have a holy assembly. You must humble yourselves;[v] you must not do any work on it. 8 But you must offer a burnt offering as a pleasing aroma to the Lord, one young bull, one ram, and seven lambs one year old, all of them without blemish.[w] 9 Their grain offerings must be of finely ground flour mixed with olive oil, three-tenths of an ephah for the bull, two-tenths for the ram, 10 and one-tenth for each of the seven lambs, 11 along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the purification offering for atonement and the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and their drink offerings.

The Feast of Temporary Shelters

12 “‘On the fifteenth day of the seventh month you are to have a holy assembly; you must do no ordinary work, and you must keep a festival to the Lord for seven days. 13 You must offer a burnt offering, an offering made by fire as a pleasing aroma to the Lord: thirteen young bulls, two rams, and fourteen lambs each one year old, all of them without blemish. 14 Their grain offerings must be of finely ground flour mixed with olive oil, three-tenths of an ephah for each of the thirteen bulls, two-tenths of an ephah for each of the two rams, 15 and one-tenth for each of the fourteen lambs, 16 along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and its drink offering.

17 “‘On the second day you must offer twelve young bulls, two rams, fourteen lambs one year old, all without blemish, 18 and their grain offerings and their drink offerings for the bulls, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number as prescribed, 19 along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and their drink offerings.

20 “‘On the third day you must offer[x] eleven bulls, two rams, fourteen lambs one year old, all without blemish, 21 and their grain offerings and their drink offerings for the bulls, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number as prescribed, 22 along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and its drink offering.

23 “‘On the fourth day you must offer ten bulls, two rams, and fourteen lambs one year old, all without blemish, 24 and their grain offerings and their drink offerings for the bulls, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number as prescribed, 25 along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and its drink offering.

26 “‘On the fifth day you must offer nine bulls, two rams, and fourteen lambs one year old, all without blemish, 27 and their grain offerings and their drink offerings for the bulls, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number as prescribed, 28 along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and its drink offering.

29 “‘On the sixth day you must offer eight bulls, two rams, and fourteen lambs one year old, all without blemish, 30 and their grain offering and their drink offerings for the bulls, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number as prescribed, 31 along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and its drink offering.

32 “‘On the seventh day you must offer seven bulls, two rams, and fourteen lambs one year old, all without blemish, 33 and their grain offerings and their drink offerings for the bulls, for the rams, and for the lambs, according to their number as prescribed, 34 along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and its drink offering.

35 “‘On the eighth day you are to have a holy assembly; you must do no ordinary work on it. 36 But you must offer a burnt offering, an offering made by fire, as a pleasing aroma to the Lord, one bull, one ram, seven lambs one year old, all of them without blemish, 37 and with their grain offerings and their drink offerings for the bull, for the ram, and for the lambs, according to their number as prescribed, 38 along with one male goat for a purification offering, in addition to the continual burnt offering with its grain offering and its drink offering.

39 “‘These things you must present to the Lord at your appointed times, in addition to your vows and your freewill offerings, as your burnt offerings, your grain offerings, your drink offerings, and your peace offerings.’” 40 (30:1)[y] So Moses told the Israelites everything, just as the Lord had commanded him.[z]

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 28:1 sn For additional reading on these chapters, see G. B. Gray, Sacrifice in the Old Testament; A. F. Rainey, “The Order of Sacrifices in the Old Testament Ritual Texts,” Bib 51 (1970): 485-98; N. H. Snaith, The Jewish New Year Festival.
  2. Numbers 28:2 tn Heb “and say to them.” These words have not been included in the translation for stylistic reasons.
  3. Numbers 28:2 tn The sentence begins with the accusative “my offering.” It is suspended at the beginning as an independent accusative to itemize the subject matter. The second accusative is the formal object of the verb. It could also be taken in apposition to the first accusative.
  4. Numbers 28:2 tn The construction uses the imperfect tense expressing instruction, followed by the infinitive construct used to express the complement of direct object.
  5. Numbers 28:2 sn See L. R. Fisher, “New Ritual Calendar from Ugarit,” HTR 63 (1970): 485-501.
  6. Numbers 28:3 sn The sacrifice was to be kept burning, but each morning the priests would have to clean the grill and put a new offering on the altar. So the idea of a continual burnt offering is more that of a regular offering.
  7. Numbers 28:4 tn Heb “between the evenings” meaning between dusk and dark.
  8. Numbers 28:5 sn That is about two quarts.
  9. Numbers 28:5 sn That is about one quart.
  10. Numbers 28:7 tn Heb “the one lamb,” but it is meant to indicate for “each lamb.”
  11. Numbers 28:7 tn The word שֵׁכָר (shekhar) is often translated “strong drink.” It can mean “barley beer” in the Akkadian cognate, and also in the Hebrew Bible when joined with the word for wine. English versions here read “wine” (NAB, TEV, CEV); “strong wine” (KJV); “fermented drink” (NIV, NLT); “strong drink” (ASV, NASB, NRSV).
  12. Numbers 28:8 tn Heb “as the grain offering of the morning and as its drink offering.”
  13. Numbers 28:9 tn The words “you must offer” are not in the Hebrew text, but are implied. They have been supplied in the translation to make a complete English sentence.
  14. Numbers 28:9 sn That is, about 4 quarts.
  15. Numbers 28:10 tn Heb “the burnt offering of the Sabbath by its Sabbath.”
  16. Numbers 28:11 tn Heb “of your months.”
  17. Numbers 28:14 tn The word “include” is not in the Hebrew text but is implied. It is supplied in the translation to make a complete English sentence.
  18. Numbers 28:14 tn Heb “a month in its month.”
  19. Numbers 28:15 tn Heb “one kid of the goats.”
  20. Numbers 28:18 tn Heb “any work [of] service”; this means any occupational work, that is, the ordinary service.
  21. Numbers 28:19 tn Heb “unblemished they will be to you.” So also in v. 31.
  22. Numbers 29:7 tn Heb “afflict yourselves”; NAB “mortify yourselves”; NIV, NRSV “deny yourselves.”sn The verb seems to mean “humble yourself.” There is no explanation given for it. In the days of the prophets fasting seems to be associated with it (see Isa 58:3-5), and possibly the symbolic wearing of ashes.
  23. Numbers 29:8 tn Heb “they shall be to you without blemish.”
  24. Numbers 29:20 tn The words “you must offer” are implied.
  25. Numbers 29:40 sn Beginning with 29:40, the verse numbers through 30:16 in the English Bible differ from the verse numbers in the Hebrew text (BHS), with 29:40 ET = 30:1 HT, 30:1 ET = 30:2 HT, etc., through 30:16 ET = 30:17 HT. With 31:1 the verse numbers in the ET and HT are again the same.
  26. Numbers 29:40 tn Heb “Moses.” The proper name has been replaced by the pronoun (“him”) in the translation for stylistic reasons.
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Numbers 28-29
New International Version

Daily Offerings

28 The Lord said to Moses, 2 “Give this command to the Israelites and say to them: ‘Make sure that you present to me at the appointed time(A) my food(B) offerings, as an aroma pleasing to me.’(C) 3 Say to them: ‘This is the food offering you are to present to the Lord: two lambs a year old without defect,(D) as a regular burnt offering each day.(E) 4 Offer one lamb in the morning and the other at twilight,(F) 5 together with a grain offering(G) of a tenth of an ephah[a] of the finest flour(H) mixed with a quarter of a hin[b] of oil(I) from pressed olives. 6 This is the regular burnt offering(J) instituted at Mount Sinai(K) as a pleasing aroma, a food offering presented to the Lord.(L) 7 The accompanying drink offering(M) is to be a quarter of a hin of fermented drink(N) with each lamb. Pour out the drink offering to the Lord at the sanctuary.(O) 8 Offer the second lamb at twilight,(P) along with the same kind of grain offering and drink offering that you offer in the morning.(Q) This is a food offering, an aroma pleasing to the Lord.(R)

Sabbath Offerings

9 “‘On the Sabbath(S) day, make an offering of two lambs a year old without defect,(T) together with its drink offering and a grain offering of two-tenths of an ephah[c](U) of the finest flour mixed with olive oil.(V) 10 This is the burnt offering for every Sabbath,(W) in addition to the regular burnt offering(X) and its drink offering.

Monthly Offerings

11 “‘On the first of every month,(Y) present to the Lord a burnt offering of two young bulls,(Z) one ram(AA) and seven male lambs a year old, all without defect.(AB) 12 With each bull there is to be a grain offering(AC) of three-tenths of an ephah[d](AD) of the finest flour mixed with oil; with the ram, a grain offering of two-tenths(AE) of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with oil; 13 and with each lamb, a grain offering(AF) of a tenth(AG) of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with oil. This is for a burnt offering,(AH) a pleasing aroma, a food offering presented to the Lord.(AI) 14 With each bull there is to be a drink offering(AJ) of half a hin[e] of wine; with the ram, a third of a hin[f]; and with each lamb, a quarter of a hin. This is the monthly burnt offering to be made at each new moon(AK) during the year. 15 Besides the regular burnt offering(AL) with its drink offering, one male goat(AM) is to be presented to the Lord as a sin offering.[g](AN)

The Passover(AO)

16 “‘On the fourteenth day of the first month the Lord’s Passover(AP) is to be held. 17 On the fifteenth day of this month there is to be a festival; for seven days(AQ) eat bread made without yeast.(AR) 18 On the first day hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work.(AS) 19 Present to the Lord a food offering(AT) consisting of a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram and seven male lambs a year old, all without defect.(AU) 20 With each bull offer a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah(AV) of the finest flour mixed with oil; with the ram, two-tenths;(AW) 21 and with each of the seven lambs, one-tenth.(AX) 22 Include one male goat as a sin offering(AY) to make atonement for you.(AZ) 23 Offer these in addition to the regular morning burnt offering. 24 In this way present the food offering every day for seven days as an aroma pleasing to the Lord;(BA) it is to be offered in addition to the regular burnt offering and its drink offering. 25 On the seventh day hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work.

The Festival of Weeks(BB)

26 “‘On the day of firstfruits,(BC) when you present to the Lord an offering of new grain during the Festival of Weeks,(BD) hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work.(BE) 27 Present a burnt offering of two young bulls, one ram and seven male lambs a year old as an aroma pleasing to the Lord.(BF) 28 With each bull there is to be a grain offering of three-tenths of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with oil; with the ram, two-tenths;(BG) 29 and with each of the seven lambs, one-tenth.(BH) 30 Include one male goat(BI) to make atonement for you. 31 Offer these together with their drink offerings, in addition to the regular burnt offering(BJ) and its grain offering. Be sure the animals are without defect.

The Festival of Trumpets(BK)

29 “‘On the first day of the seventh month hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work.(BL) It is a day for you to sound the trumpets. 2 As an aroma pleasing to the Lord,(BM) offer a burnt offering(BN) of one young bull, one ram and seven male lambs a year old,(BO) all without defect.(BP) 3 With the bull offer a grain offering(BQ) of three-tenths of an ephah[h] of the finest flour mixed with olive oil; with the ram, two-tenths[i]; 4 and with each of the seven lambs, one-tenth.[j](BR) 5 Include one male goat(BS) as a sin offering[k] to make atonement for you. 6 These are in addition to the monthly(BT) and daily burnt offerings(BU) with their grain offerings(BV) and drink offerings(BW) as specified. They are food offerings presented to the Lord, a pleasing aroma.(BX)

The Day of Atonement(BY)

7 “‘On the tenth day of this seventh month hold a sacred assembly. You must deny yourselves[l](BZ) and do no work.(CA) 8 Present as an aroma pleasing to the Lord a burnt offering of one young bull, one ram and seven male lambs a year old, all without defect.(CB) 9 With the bull offer a grain offering(CC) of three-tenths of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with oil; with the ram, two-tenths;(CD) 10 and with each of the seven lambs, one-tenth.(CE) 11 Include one male goat(CF) as a sin offering, in addition to the sin offering for atonement and the regular burnt offering(CG) with its grain offering, and their drink offerings.(CH)

The Festival of Tabernacles(CI)

12 “‘On the fifteenth day of the seventh(CJ) month,(CK) hold a sacred assembly and do no regular work. Celebrate a festival to the Lord for seven days. 13 Present as an aroma pleasing to the Lord(CL) a food offering consisting of a burnt offering of thirteen young bulls, two rams and fourteen male lambs a year old, all without defect.(CM) 14 With each of the thirteen bulls offer a grain offering(CN) of three-tenths of an ephah of the finest flour mixed with oil; with each of the two rams, two-tenths; 15 and with each of the fourteen lambs, one-tenth.(CO) 16 Include one male goat as a sin offering,(CP) in addition to the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and drink offering.(CQ)

17 “‘On the second day(CR) offer twelve young bulls, two rams and fourteen male lambs a year old, all without defect.(CS) 18 With the bulls, rams and lambs, offer their grain offerings(CT) and drink offerings(CU) according to the number specified.(CV) 19 Include one male goat as a sin offering,(CW) in addition to the regular burnt offering(CX) with its grain offering, and their drink offerings.(CY)

20 “‘On the third day offer eleven bulls, two rams and fourteen male lambs a year old, all without defect.(CZ) 21 With the bulls, rams and lambs, offer their grain offerings and drink offerings according to the number specified.(DA) 22 Include one male goat as a sin offering, in addition to the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and drink offering.

23 “‘On the fourth day offer ten bulls, two rams and fourteen male lambs a year old, all without defect. 24 With the bulls, rams and lambs, offer their grain offerings and drink offerings according to the number specified. 25 Include one male goat as a sin offering, in addition to the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and drink offering.

26 “‘On the fifth day offer nine bulls, two rams and fourteen male lambs a year old, all without defect. 27 With the bulls, rams and lambs, offer their grain offerings and drink offerings according to the number specified. 28 Include one male goat as a sin offering, in addition to the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and drink offering.

29 “‘On the sixth day offer eight bulls, two rams and fourteen male lambs a year old, all without defect. 30 With the bulls, rams and lambs, offer their grain offerings and drink offerings according to the number specified. 31 Include one male goat as a sin offering, in addition to the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and drink offering.

32 “‘On the seventh day offer seven bulls, two rams and fourteen male lambs a year old, all without defect. 33 With the bulls, rams and lambs, offer their grain offerings and drink offerings according to the number specified. 34 Include one male goat as a sin offering, in addition to the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and drink offering.

35 “‘On the eighth day hold a closing special assembly(DB) and do no regular work. 36 Present as an aroma pleasing to the Lord(DC) a food offering consisting of a burnt offering of one bull, one ram and seven male lambs a year old,(DD) all without defect. 37 With the bull, the ram and the lambs, offer their grain offerings and drink offerings according to the number specified. 38 Include one male goat as a sin offering, in addition to the regular burnt offering with its grain offering and drink offering.

39 “‘In addition to what you vow(DE) and your freewill offerings,(DF) offer these to the Lord at your appointed festivals:(DG) your burnt offerings,(DH) grain offerings, drink offerings and fellowship offerings.(DI)’”

40 Moses told the Israelites all that the Lord commanded him.[m]

Footnotes

  1. Numbers 28:5 That is, probably about 3 1/2 pounds or about 1.6 kilograms; also in verses 13, 21 and 29
  2. Numbers 28:5 That is, about 1 quart or about 1 liter; also in verses 7 and 14
  3. Numbers 28:9 That is, probably about 7 pounds or about 3.2 kilograms; also in verses 12, 20 and 28
  4. Numbers 28:12 That is, probably about 11 pounds or about 5 kilograms; also in verses 20 and 28
  5. Numbers 28:14 That is, about 2 quarts or about 1.9 liters
  6. Numbers 28:14 That is, about 1 1/3 quarts or about 1.3 liters
  7. Numbers 28:15 Or purification offering; also in verse 22
  8. Numbers 29:3 That is, probably about 11 pounds or about 5 kilograms; also in verses 9 and 14
  9. Numbers 29:3 That is, probably about 7 pounds or about 3.2 kilograms; also in verses 9 and 14
  10. Numbers 29:4 That is, probably about 3 1/2 pounds or about 1.6 kilograms; also in verses 10 and 15
  11. Numbers 29:5 Or purification offering; also elsewhere in this chapter
  12. Numbers 29:7 Or must fast
  13. Numbers 29:40 In Hebrew texts this verse (29:40) is numbered 30:1.
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