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Ac ar y pedwerydd dydd ar hugain o’r mis hwn, meibion Israel a ymgynullasant mewn ympryd, ac mewn sachliain, a phridd arnaddynt. A had Israel a ymneilltuasant oddi wrth bob dieithriaid, ac a safasant, ac a gyffesasant eu pechodau, ac anwireddau eu tadau. A chodasant i fyny yn eu lle, ac a ddarllenasant yn llyfr cyfraith yr Arglwydd eu Duw, bedair gwaith yn y dydd; a phedair gwaith yr ymgyffesasant, ac yr ymgrymasant i’r Arglwydd eu Duw.

Yna y safodd ym mhulpud y Lefiaid, Jesua, a Bani, Cadmiel, Sebaneia, Bunni, Serebeia, Bani, a Chenani; a gwaeddasant â llef uchel ar yr Arglwydd eu Duw: A’r Lefiaid, Jesua, a Chadmiel, Bani, Hasabneia, Serebeia, Hodeia, Sebaneia, a Phethaheia, a ddywedasant, Cyfodwch, bendithiwch yr Arglwydd eich Duw o dragwyddoldeb hyd dragwyddoldeb: a bendithier dy enw gogoneddus a dyrchafedig, goruwch pob bendith a moliant. Ti yn unig wyt Arglwydd: ti a wnaethost y nefoedd, nefoedd y nefoedd, a’u holl luoedd hwynt, y ddaear a’r hyn oll sydd arni, y moroedd a’r hyn oll sydd ynddynt; a thi sydd yn eu cynnal hwynt oll; a llu y nefoedd sydd yn ymgrymu i ti. Ti yw yr Arglwydd Dduw, yr hwn a ddetholaist Abram, ac a’i dygaist ef allan o Ur y Caldeaid, ac a roddaist iddo enw Abraham: A chefaist ei galon ef yn ffyddlon ger dy fron di, ac a wnaethost gyfamod ag ef, ar roddi yn ddiau i’w had ef wlad y Canaaneaid, yr Hefiaid, yr Amoriaid, a’r Pheresiaid, a’r Jebusiaid, a’r Girgasiaid; ac a gwblheaist dy eiriau: oherwydd cyfiawn wyt. Gwelaist hefyd gystudd ein tadau yn yr Aifft; a thi a wrandewaist eu gwaedd hwynt wrth y môr coch: 10 A thi a wnaethost arwyddion a rhyfeddodau ar Pharo, ac ar ei holl weision, ac ar holl bobl ei wlad ef: canys gwybuost i’r rhai hyn falchïo yn eu herbyn hwynt. A gwnaethost i ti enw, fel y gwelir y dydd hwn. 11 Y môr hefyd a holltaist o’u blaen hwynt, fel y treiddiasant trwy ganol y môr ar hyd sychdir; a’u herlidwyr a fwriaist i’r gwaelod, fel maen i ddyfroedd cryfion: 12 Ac a’u harweiniaist hwy liw dydd mewn colofn gwmwl, a lliw nos mewn colofn dân, i oleuo iddynt hwy y ffordd yr oeddynt yn myned ar hyd‐ddi. 13 Ti a ddisgynnaist hefyd ar fynydd Sinai ac a ymddiddenaist â hwynt o’r nefoedd; rhoddaist hefyd iddynt farnedigaethau uniawn, a chyfreithiau gwir, deddfau a gorchmynion daionus: 14 A’th Saboth sanctaidd a hysbysaist iddynt; gorchmynion hefyd, a deddfau, a chyfreithiau a orchmynnaist iddynt, trwy law Moses dy was: 15 Bara hefyd o’r nefoedd a roddaist iddynt yn eu newyn, a dwfr o’r graig a dynnaist iddynt yn eu syched; a thi a ddywedaist wrthynt, y deuent i etifeddu y wlad a dyngasit ar ei rhoddi iddynt. 16 Ond hwynt‐hwy a’n tadau ni a falchiasant, ac a galedasant eu gwarrau, ac ni wrandawsant ar dy orchmynion di; 17 Ac a wrthodasant wrando, ac ni chofiasant dy ryfeddodau, y rhai a wnaethit ti erddynt; caledasant hefyd eu gwarrau, a gosodasant ben arnynt i ddychwelyd i’w caethiwed yn eu cyndynrwydd: eto ti ydwyt Dduw parod i faddau, graslon, a thrugarog, hwyrfrydig i ddicter, ac aml o drugaredd, ac ni wrthodaist hwynt. 18 Hefyd, pan wnaethent iddynt lo toddedig, a dywedyd, Dyma dy dduw di yr hwn a’th ddug di i fyny o’r Aifft, a chablasent yn ddirfawr; 19 Er hynny, yn dy aml dosturiaethau, ni adewaist ti hwynt yn yr anialwch: y golofn gwmwl ni chiliodd oddi wrthynt trwy y dydd, i’w harwain hwynt ar hyd y ffordd; na’r golofn dân trwy y nos, i oleuo iddynt, ac i ddangos y ffordd y cerddent ynddi. 20 Dy ysbryd daionus hefyd a roddaist i’w dysgu hwynt, ac nid ateliaist dy fanna rhag eu genau; dwfr hefyd a roddaist iddynt yn eu syched. 21 Felly deugain mlynedd y porthaist hwynt yn yr anialwch, heb fod arnynt eisiau dim: eu gwisgoedd ni heneiddiasant, a’u traed ni chwyddasant. 22 A thi a roddaist iddynt freniniaethau a phobloedd, a rhennaist hwynt i gonglau. Felly hwy a feddianasant wlad Sihon, a gwlad brenin Hesbon, a gwlad Og brenin Basan. 23 Lluosogaist hefyd eu meibion hwynt fel sêr y nefoedd, ac a’u dygaist hwynt i’r wlad a ddywedasit wrth eu tadau y deuent iddi i’w meddiannu. 24 Felly y meibion a aethant i mewn, ac a feddianasant y wlad, a thi a ddarostyngaist drigolion y wlad, y Canaaneaid, o’u blaen hwynt, ac a’u rhoddaist yn eu llaw hwynt, eu brenhinoedd hefyd, a phobloedd y wlad, fel y gwnaent iddynt yn ôl eu hewyllys. 25 A hwy a enillasant ddinasoedd cedyrn, a daear fras, ac a feddianasant dai llawn o bob daioni, pydewau cloddiedig, gwinllannoedd, ac olewyddlannoedd, a choed ffrwythlon yn aml; a hwy a fwytasant, ac a ddigonwyd, ac a frasawyd, ac a ymhyfrydasant yn dy fawr ddaioni di. 26 Eto hwy a anufuddhasant, ac a wrthryfelasant yn dy erbyn, taflasant hefyd dy gyfraith o’r tu ôl i’w cefn, a’th broffwydi a laddasant, y rhai a dystiolaethasent wrthynt am ddychwelyd atat; ac a gablasant yn ddirfawr. 27 Am hynny ti a’u rhoddaist hwynt yn llaw eu gorthrymwyr, y rhai a’u cystuddiasant: ac yn amser eu cyfyngdra, pan waeddasant arnat, a’u gwrandewaist hwynt o’r nefoedd, ac yn ôl dy aml dosturiaethau rhoddaist iddynt achubwyr, y rhai a’u hachubasant o law eu gwrthwynebwyr. 28 Ond pan lonyddodd arnynt, dychwelasant i wneuthur drygioni yn dy ŵydd di: am hynny y gadewaist hwynt yn llaw eu gelynion, y rhai a arglwyddiaethasant arnynt: eto pan ddychwelasant, a gweiddi arnat, tithau o’r nefoedd a wrandewaist, ac a’u gwaredaist hwynt, yn ôl dy dosturiaethau, lawer o amseroedd. 29 A thi a dystiolaethaist yn eu herbyn hwynt, i’w dychwelyd at dy gyfraith di: ond hwy a falchiasant, ac ni wrandawsant ar dy orchmynion, eithr pechasant yn erbyn dy farnedigaethau, (y rhai os gwna dyn hwynt, efe fydd byw ynddynt,) a gwnaethant ysgwydd i gilio, ac a galedasant eu gwarrau, ac ni wrandawsant. 30 Er hynny ti a’u hoedaist hwynt flynyddoedd lawer, ac a dystiolaethaist wrthynt trwy dy ysbryd yn dy broffwydi; ond ni wrandawsant: am hynny y rhoddaist hwynt yn llaw pobl y gwledydd. 31 Eto, er mwyn dy fawr drugareddau, ni lwyr ddifethaist hwynt, ac ni wrthodaist hwynt; canys Duw graslon a thrugarog ydwyt. 32 Ac yn awr, O ein Duw ni, y Duw mawr, cadarn, ac ofnadwy, yr hwn wyt yn cadw cyfamod a thrugaredd; na fydded bychan o’th flaen di yr holl flinder a ddigwyddodd i ni, i’n brenhinoedd, i’n tywysogion, ac i’n hoffeiriaid, ac i’n proffwydi, ac i’n tadau, ac i’th holl bobl, er dyddiau brenhinoedd Asyria hyd y dydd hwn. 33 Tithau ydwyt gyfiawn yn yr hyn oll a ddigwyddodd i ni: canys gwirionedd a wnaethost ti, a ninnau a wnaethom yn annuwiol. 34 Ein brenhinoedd hefyd, ein tywysogion, ein hoffeiriaid, a’n tadau, ni chadwasant dy gyfraith, ac ni wrandawsant ar dy orchmynion, na’th dystiolaethau, y rhai a dystiolaethaist wrthynt. 35 A hwy ni’th wasanaethasant yn eu brenhiniaeth, nac yn dy fawr ddaioni a roddaist iddynt, nac yn y wlad eang a bras yr hon a osodaist o’u blaen hwynt; ac ni ddychwelasant oddi wrth eu drwg weithredoedd. 36 Wele ni heddiw yn weision; ac am y wlad a roddaist i’n tadau ni, i fwyta ei ffrwyth a’i daioni, wele ni yn weision ynddi. 37 A mawr yw ei thoreth hi i’r brenhinoedd a osodaist arnom ni am ein pechodau: ac arglwyddiaethu y maent ar ein cyrff, ac ar ein hanifeiliaid, yn ôl eu hewyllys; ac yr ydym mewn cyfyngder mawr. 38 Ac oherwydd hyn oll yr ydym yn gwneuthur cyfamod sicr, ac yn ei ysgrifennu; ac y mae ein tywysogion, ein Lefiaid, a’n hoffeiriaid, yn ei selio.

The Israelites Confess Their Sins

On the twenty-fourth day of the same month, the Israelites gathered together, fasting and wearing sackcloth and putting dust on their heads.(A) Those of Israelite descent had separated themselves from all foreigners.(B) They stood in their places and confessed their sins and the sins of their ancestors.(C) They stood where they were and read from the Book of the Law of the Lord their God for a quarter of the day, and spent another quarter in confession and in worshiping the Lord their God. Standing on the stairs of the Levites(D) were Jeshua, Bani, Kadmiel, Shebaniah, Bunni, Sherebiah, Bani and Kenani. They cried out with loud voices to the Lord their God. And the Levites—Jeshua, Kadmiel, Bani, Hashabneiah, Sherebiah, Hodiah, Shebaniah and Pethahiah—said: “Stand up and praise the Lord your God,(E) who is from everlasting to everlasting.[a]

“Blessed be your glorious name,(F) and may it be exalted above all blessing and praise. You alone are the Lord.(G) You made the heavens,(H) even the highest heavens, and all their starry host,(I) the earth(J) and all that is on it, the seas(K) and all that is in them.(L) You give life to everything, and the multitudes of heaven(M) worship you.

“You are the Lord God, who chose Abram(N) and brought him out of Ur of the Chaldeans(O) and named him Abraham.(P) You found his heart faithful to you, and you made a covenant with him to give to his descendants the land of the Canaanites, Hittites, Amorites, Perizzites, Jebusites and Girgashites.(Q) You have kept your promise(R) because you are righteous.(S)

“You saw the suffering of our ancestors in Egypt;(T) you heard their cry at the Red Sea.[b](U) 10 You sent signs(V) and wonders(W) against Pharaoh, against all his officials and all the people of his land, for you knew how arrogantly the Egyptians treated them. You made a name(X) for yourself,(Y) which remains to this day. 11 You divided the sea before them,(Z) so that they passed through it on dry ground, but you hurled their pursuers into the depths,(AA) like a stone into mighty waters.(AB) 12 By day(AC) you led(AD) them with a pillar of cloud,(AE) and by night with a pillar of fire to give them light on the way they were to take.

13 “You came down on Mount Sinai;(AF) you spoke(AG) to them from heaven.(AH) You gave them regulations and laws that are just(AI) and right, and decrees and commands that are good.(AJ) 14 You made known to them your holy Sabbath(AK) and gave them commands, decrees and laws through your servant Moses. 15 In their hunger you gave them bread from heaven(AL) and in their thirst you brought them water from the rock;(AM) you told them to go in and take possession of the land you had sworn with uplifted hand(AN) to give them.(AO)

16 “But they, our ancestors, became arrogant and stiff-necked,(AP) and they did not obey your commands.(AQ) 17 They refused to listen and failed to remember(AR) the miracles(AS) you performed among them. They became stiff-necked(AT) and in their rebellion appointed a leader in order to return to their slavery.(AU) But you are a forgiving God,(AV) gracious and compassionate,(AW) slow to anger(AX) and abounding in love.(AY) Therefore you did not desert them,(AZ) 18 even when they cast for themselves an image of a calf(BA) and said, ‘This is your god, who brought you up out of Egypt,’ or when they committed awful blasphemies.(BB)

19 “Because of your great compassion you did not abandon(BC) them in the wilderness. By day the pillar of cloud(BD) did not fail to guide them on their path, nor the pillar of fire by night to shine on the way they were to take. 20 You gave your good Spirit(BE) to instruct(BF) them. You did not withhold your manna(BG) from their mouths, and you gave them water(BH) for their thirst. 21 For forty years(BI) you sustained them in the wilderness; they lacked nothing,(BJ) their clothes did not wear out nor did their feet become swollen.(BK)

22 “You gave them kingdoms and nations, allotting to them even the remotest frontiers. They took over the country of Sihon[c](BL) king of Heshbon and the country of Og king of Bashan.(BM) 23 You made their children as numerous as the stars in the sky,(BN) and you brought them into the land that you told their parents to enter and possess. 24 Their children went in and took possession of the land.(BO) You subdued(BP) before them the Canaanites, who lived in the land; you gave the Canaanites into their hands, along with their kings and the peoples of the land, to deal with them as they pleased. 25 They captured fortified cities and fertile land;(BQ) they took possession of houses filled with all kinds of good things,(BR) wells already dug, vineyards, olive groves and fruit trees in abundance. They ate to the full and were well-nourished;(BS) they reveled in your great goodness.(BT)

26 “But they were disobedient and rebelled against you; they turned their backs on your law.(BU) They killed(BV) your prophets,(BW) who had warned them in order to turn them back to you; they committed awful blasphemies.(BX) 27 So you delivered them into the hands of their enemies,(BY) who oppressed them. But when they were oppressed they cried out to you. From heaven you heard them, and in your great compassion(BZ) you gave them deliverers,(CA) who rescued them from the hand of their enemies.

28 “But as soon as they were at rest, they again did what was evil in your sight.(CB) Then you abandoned them to the hand of their enemies so that they ruled over them. And when they cried out to you again, you heard from heaven, and in your compassion(CC) you delivered them(CD) time after time.

29 “You warned(CE) them in order to turn them back to your law, but they became arrogant(CF) and disobeyed your commands. They sinned against your ordinances, of which you said, ‘The person who obeys them will live by them.’(CG) Stubbornly they turned their backs(CH) on you, became stiff-necked(CI) and refused to listen.(CJ) 30 For many years you were patient with them. By your Spirit you warned them through your prophets.(CK) Yet they paid no attention, so you gave them into the hands of the neighboring peoples.(CL) 31 But in your great mercy you did not put an end(CM) to them or abandon them, for you are a gracious and merciful(CN) God.

32 “Now therefore, our God, the great God, mighty(CO) and awesome,(CP) who keeps his covenant of love,(CQ) do not let all this hardship seem trifling in your eyes—the hardship(CR) that has come on us, on our kings and leaders, on our priests and prophets, on our ancestors and all your people, from the days of the kings of Assyria until today. 33 In all that has happened to us, you have remained righteous;(CS) you have acted faithfully, while we acted wickedly.(CT) 34 Our kings,(CU) our leaders, our priests and our ancestors(CV) did not follow your law; they did not pay attention to your commands or the statutes you warned them to keep. 35 Even while they were in their kingdom, enjoying your great goodness(CW) to them in the spacious and fertile land you gave them, they did not serve you(CX) or turn from their evil ways.

36 “But see, we are slaves(CY) today, slaves in the land you gave our ancestors so they could eat its fruit and the other good things it produces. 37 Because of our sins, its abundant harvest goes to the kings you have placed over us. They rule over our bodies and our cattle as they please. We are in great distress.(CZ)

The Agreement of the People

38 “In view of all this, we are making a binding agreement,(DA) putting it in writing,(DB) and our leaders, our Levites and our priests are affixing their seals to it.”[d]

Footnotes

  1. Nehemiah 9:5 Or God for ever and ever
  2. Nehemiah 9:9 Or the Sea of Reeds
  3. Nehemiah 9:22 One Hebrew manuscript and Septuagint; most Hebrew manuscripts Sihon, that is, the country of the
  4. Nehemiah 9:38 In Hebrew texts this verse (9:38) is numbered 10:1.