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or if someone, without being aware of it, touches any unclean thing, such as the carcass of an unclean wild animal, or an unclean domestic animal, or an unclean swarming creature,[a] and thus is unclean and guilty;(A) or if someone, without being aware of it, touches some human uncleanness,(B) whatever kind of uncleanness this may be, and then subsequently becomes aware of guilt;

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Footnotes

  1. 5:2 Swarming creature: a rather imprecise categorization that includes various small creatures in the seas, such as fish that go about in large groups or swarms (Gn 1:20; Lv 11:10); or, similarly, various winged insects that mass in the skies (Lv 11:20; Dt 14:19); and, finally, various small creatures that move in swarms on land, whether crawlers, quadrupeds, or of the multilegged variety (Lv 11:41–42). According to 11:29–30, even various rodents and lizards can be included in this category.

“‘If anyone becomes aware that they are guilty—if they unwittingly touch anything ceremonially unclean (whether the carcass of an unclean animal, wild or domestic, or of any unclean creature that moves along the ground)(A) and they are unaware that they have become unclean,(B) but then they come to realize their guilt; or if they touch human uncleanness(C) (anything that would make them unclean)(D) even though they are unaware of it, but then they learn of it and realize their guilt;

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