Genesis 10:3-5 New English Translation
3 The sons of Gomer were[a] Ashkenaz,[b] Riphath,[c] and Togarmah.[d] 4 The sons of Javan were Elishah,[e] Tarshish,[f] the Kittim,[g] and the Dodanim.[h] 5 From these the coastlands of the nations were separated into their lands, every one according to its language, according to their families, by their nations.
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- Genesis 10:3 sn The descendants of Gomer were all northern tribes of the Upper Euphrates.
- Genesis 10:3 sn Ashkenaz was the ancestor of a northern branch of Indo-Germanic tribes, possibly Scythians. For discussion see E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 63.
- Genesis 10:3 sn The descendants of Riphath lived in a district north of the road from Haran to Carchemish.
- Genesis 10:3 sn Togarmah is also mentioned in Ezek 38:6, where it refers to Til-garimmu, the capital of Kammanu, which bordered Tabal in eastern Turkey. See E. M. Yamauchi, Foes from the Northern Frontier (SBA), 26, n. 28.
- Genesis 10:4 sn The descendants of Elishah populated Cyprus.
- Genesis 10:4 sn The descendants of Tarshish settled along the southern coast of what is modern Turkey. However, some identify the site Tarshish (see Jonah 1:3) with Sardinia or Spain.
- Genesis 10:4 sn The name Kittim is associated with Cyprus, as well as coastlands east of Rhodes. It is used in later texts to refer to the Romans.
- Genesis 10:4 tc Most of the MT mss read “Dodanim” here, but 1 Chr 1:7 has “Rodanim,” perhaps referring to the island of Rhodes. But the Qere reading in 1 Chr 1:7 suggests “Dodanim.” Dodona is one of the most ancient and revered spots in ancient Greece.
New English Translation (NET)
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