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the sons of God[a] saw how beautiful the daughters of human beings were, and so they took for their wives whomever they pleased.(A)

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Footnotes

  1. 6:2 The sons of God: other heavenly beings. See note on 1:26.

the sons of God(A) saw that the daughters(B) of humans were beautiful,(C) and they married(D) any of them they chose.

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The Nephilim appeared on earth in those days, as well as later,[a] after the sons of God had intercourse with the daughters of human beings, who bore them sons. They were the heroes of old, the men of renown.(A)

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Footnotes

  1. 6:4 As well as later: the belief was common that human beings of gigantic stature once lived on earth. In some cultures, such heroes could make positive contributions, but the Bible generally regards them in a negative light (cf. Nm 13:33; Ez 32:27). The point here is that even these heroes, filled with vitality from their semi-divine origin, come under God’s decree in v. 3.

The Nephilim(A) were on the earth in those days—and also afterward—when the sons of God went to the daughters of humans(B) and had children by them. They were the heroes of old, men of renown.(C)

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Chapter 3

Prophetic Vision: Joshua the High Priest. Then he showed me Joshua the high priest standing before the angel of the Lord, while the adversary[a] stood at his right side to accuse him.(A)

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Footnotes

  1. 3:1 Adversary: Hebrew satan, here, the prosecuting attorney, a figure in the Lord’s heavenly courtroom. Cf. Jb 1:6–2:7. Later tradition understands this figure to be Satan.

Clean Garments for the High Priest

Then he showed me Joshua(A) the high priest standing before the angel of the Lord, and Satan[a](B) standing at his right side to accuse him.

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Footnotes

  1. Zechariah 3:1 Hebrew satan means adversary.

31 [a]“Simon, Simon, behold Satan has demanded to sift all of you[b] like wheat,(A)

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Footnotes

  1. 22:31–32 Jesus’ prayer for Simon’s faith and the commission to strengthen his brothers anticipates the post-resurrectional prominence of Peter in the first half of Acts, where he appears as the spokesman for the Christian community and the one who begins the mission to the Gentiles (Acts 10–11).
  2. 22:31 All of you: literally, “you.” The translation reflects the meaning of the Greek text that uses a second person plural pronoun here.

31 “Simon, Simon, Satan has asked(A) to sift all of you as wheat.(B)

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The huge dragon, the ancient serpent,[a] who is called the Devil and Satan, who deceived the whole world, was thrown down to earth, and its angels were thrown down with it.(A)

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Footnotes

  1. 12:9 The ancient serpent: who seduced Eve (Gn 3:1–6), mother of the human race; cf. Rev 20:2; Eph 6:11–12. Was thrown down: allusion to the expulsion of Satan from heaven; cf. Lk 10:18.

The great dragon was hurled down—that ancient serpent(A) called the devil,(B) or Satan,(C) who leads the whole world astray.(D) He was hurled to the earth,(E) and his angels with him.

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