Genesis 10:10 New English Translation

¹⁰The primary regions^[a] of his kingdom were Babel,^[b] Erech,^[c] Akkad,^[d] and Calneh^[e] in the land of Shinar.^[f]

Genesis 10:10 tn Heb “beginning.” E. A. Speiser, Genesis (AB), 67, suggests “mainstays,” citing Jer 49:35 as another text where the Hebrew noun is so used.
Genesis 10:10 tn Or “Babylon.”
Genesis 10:10 sn Erech (ancient Uruk, modern Warka), one of the most ancient civilizations, was located southeast of Babylon.
Genesis 10:10 sn Akkad, or ancient Agade, was associated with Sargon and located north of Babylon.
Genesis 10:10 tn No such place is known in Shinar (i.e., Babylonia). Therefore some have translated the Hebrew term כַלְנֵה (khalneh) as “all of them,” referring to the three previous names (cf. NRSV).
Genesis 10:10 sn Shinar is another name for Babylonia.

New English Translation (NET)