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(A)In the same way we also, when we were not of age, were enslaved to the elemental powers of the world.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 4:3 The elemental powers of the world: while the term can refer to the “elements” like earth, air, fire, and water or to elementary forms of religion, the sense here is more likely that of celestial beings that were thought in pagan circles to control the world; cf. Gal 4:8; Col 2:8, 20.

So also, when we were underage, we were in slavery(A) under the elemental spiritual forces[a] of the world.(B)

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Footnotes

  1. Galatians 4:3 Or under the basic principles

Duty to Live in the Light. (A)Let no one deceive you with empty arguments, for because of these things the wrath of God is coming upon the disobedient.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 5:6 See note on Eph 2:2.

Let no one deceive you(A) with empty words, for because of such things God’s wrath(B) comes on those who are disobedient.(C)

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