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Ezekiel 31
Lexham English Bible

Pharaoh Is Warned Through Assyria’s Destruction

31 And then[a] in the eleventh[b] year, in the third month, on the first day of the month, the word of Yahweh came[c] to me, saying,[d] 2 “Son of man,[e] say to Pharaoh, the king of Egypt, and to his crowd,[f]

‘To whom are you like in your greatness?
3 Look! Assyria was a cedar in Lebanon,
    with beautiful branches[g] and a forest giving shade,
and very high,[h]
    and its treetop was between the clouds.
4 Waters made it great,
    the deep made it grow high;
its rivers were going all around its planting area,[i]
    and its channels it sent out
    to all of the trees of the field.
5 Therefore it became tall,
    with its height more than all of the trees of the field,
and its branches became numerous,
    and its branches became long
    from its sending its shoots from abundant water.[j]
6 In its branches all the birds[k] of the heaven[l] made their nest,
    and under its branches all the animals[m] of the field gave birth,
    and in its shadow all the many nations lived.
7 And it was beautiful in its greatness,
    in the length of its branches,
    for its root was toward much water.
8 Cedars in the garden of God
    could not be equal to it;
fir trees[n] could not resemble its branches,
    and plane trees were not even like its branches;
any tree even in the garden of God
    could not resemble it in its beauty.
9 I made it beautiful with the abundance of its branches,
    and all of the trees of Eden that were in the garden of God envied it.’”

10 Therefore thus says the Lord Yahweh: “Because[o] it was tall in height and it set its treetop between[p] thick clouds, and he took pride in his tallness,[q] 11 then[r] I gave it into the hand of the leader of nations; he dealt thoroughly[s] with it according to its wickedness. I drove it out. 12 And strangers cut it off, the most ruthless of nations, and they abandoned it. On the mountains and in all of the valleys its branches fell, and its branches were broken in all the river channels of the land, and all the peoples of the world went out from its shadow, and they abandoned it. 13 On its fallen trunk all the birds[t] of the heaven[u] now dwell, and all the animals of the field were on its branches. 14 This occurred so that all of the trees with abundant water will not become tall, and they will not set their treetop between[v] their thick foliage,[w] and so thatall of the trees that are abundantly watered[x] will not stand up to them[y] in their tallness, for all of them, they have been given over to death, to the world below in the midst of mortals,[z] to the people going down to the grave.”[aa]

15 Thus says the Lord Yahweh: “On the day of its going down to Sheol, I caused mourning; I covered over it with the deep, and I withheld its rivers, and many waters were restrained, and I brought gloom over it; Lebanon and all of the trees of the field, they had fainted because of it. 16 From the sound of its downfall I caused nations to shake when I made it go down to Sheol, with the people going down to the grave,[ab] and so in the world below all of the trees of Eden, the choice and the best of Lebanon, all the well-watered trees[ac] were comforted! 17 They also went down with it to Sheol to those who died by the sword,[ad] and its army who had lived in its shadow in the midst of nations.

18 To whom could you be compared, whether in glory or in majesty[ae] among the trees of Eden? And yet you will be brought down with the trees of Eden to the world below; in the midst of the uncircumcised you will lie with those who died by the sword.[af] That is Pharaoh and his entire[ag] crowd!”[ah] declares[ai] the Lord Yahweh.

Footnotes

  1. Ezekiel 31:1 Literally “and it happened/it was”
  2. Ezekiel 31:1 Literally “on one ten”
  3. Ezekiel 31:1 Literally “was”
  4. Ezekiel 31:1 Literally “to say”
  5. Ezekiel 31:2 Or “mortal,” or “son of humankind”
  6. Ezekiel 31:2 Or “hordes”
  7. Ezekiel 31:3 Hebrew “branch”
  8. Ezekiel 31:3 Literally “high of height”
  9. Ezekiel 31:4 Literally “base of its tree”; NRSV, “in the place where it was planted”
  10. Ezekiel 31:5 Literally “from water much at sending shoots its”
  11. Ezekiel 31:6 Hebrew “bird”
  12. Ezekiel 31:6 Or “sky”
  13. Ezekiel 31:6 Hebrew “animal”
  14. Ezekiel 31:8 Or possibly, juniper
  15. Ezekiel 31:10 Literally “because that”
  16. Ezekiel 31:10 Hebrew “to between”
  17. Ezekiel 31:10 Literally “and his heart he raised in his tallness”
  18. Ezekiel 31:11 Or “and”
  19. Ezekiel 31:11 Literally “doing he did”
  20. Ezekiel 31:13 Hebrew “bird”
  21. Ezekiel 31:13 Or “sky”
  22. Ezekiel 31:14 Or “among”
  23. Ezekiel 31:14 Or “clouds”
  24. Ezekiel 31:14 Literally “all of the drinkers of water”
  25. Ezekiel 31:14 Literally “will not stand to them”
  26. Ezekiel 31:14 Literally “sons of men,” or “children of humankind”
  27. Ezekiel 31:14 Or “pit”
  28. Ezekiel 31:16 Or “the pit”
  29. Ezekiel 31:16 Literally “all ofthe drinkers of water”
  30. Ezekiel 31:17 Literally “to the slain of the sword”
  31. Ezekiel 31:18 Literally “To who you are like as in glory and in majesty”
  32. Ezekiel 31:18 Literally “the slain of the sword”
  33. Ezekiel 31:18 Literally “all his hordes/crowd”
  34. Ezekiel 31:18 Or “hordes”
  35. Ezekiel 31:18 Literally “declaration of”
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Ezekiel 31
New International Version

Pharaoh as a Felled Cedar of Lebanon

31 In the eleventh year,(A) in the third month on the first day, the word of the Lord came to me:(B) 2 “Son of man, say to Pharaoh king of Egypt and to his hordes:

“‘Who can be compared with you in majesty?
3 Consider Assyria,(C) once a cedar in Lebanon,(D)
    with beautiful branches overshadowing the forest;
it towered on high,
    its top above the thick foliage.(E)
4 The waters(F) nourished it,
    deep springs made it grow tall;
their streams flowed
    all around its base
and sent their channels
    to all the trees of the field.(G)
5 So it towered higher(H)
    than all the trees of the field;
its boughs increased
    and its branches grew long,
    spreading because of abundant waters.(I)
6 All the birds of the sky
    nested in its boughs,
all the animals of the wild
    gave birth(J) under its branches;
all the great nations
    lived in its shade.(K)
7 It was majestic in beauty,
    with its spreading boughs,
for its roots went down
    to abundant waters.(L)
8 The cedars(M) in the garden of God
    could not rival it,
nor could the junipers
    equal its boughs,
nor could the plane trees(N)
    compare with its branches—
no tree in the garden of God
    could match its beauty.(O)
9 I made it beautiful
    with abundant branches,
the envy of all the trees of Eden(P)
    in the garden of God.(Q)

10 “‘Therefore this is what the Sovereign Lord says: Because the great cedar towered over the thick foliage, and because it was proud(R) of its height, 11 I gave it into the hands of the ruler of the nations, for him to deal with according to its wickedness. I cast it aside,(S) 12 and the most ruthless of foreign nations(T) cut it down and left it. Its boughs fell on the mountains and in all the valleys;(U) its branches lay broken in all the ravines of the land. All the nations of the earth came out from under its shade and left it.(V) 13 All the birds settled on the fallen tree, and all the wild animals lived among its branches.(W) 14 Therefore no other trees by the waters are ever to tower proudly on high, lifting their tops above the thick foliage. No other trees so well-watered are ever to reach such a height; they are all destined(X) for death,(Y) for the earth below, among mortals who go down to the realm of the dead.(Z)

15 “‘This is what the Sovereign Lord says: On the day it was brought down to the realm of the dead I covered the deep springs with mourning for it; I held back its streams, and its abundant waters were restrained. Because of it I clothed Lebanon with gloom, and all the trees of the field withered away.(AA) 16 I made the nations tremble(AB) at the sound of its fall when I brought it down to the realm of the dead to be with those who go down to the pit. Then all the trees(AC) of Eden,(AD) the choicest and best of Lebanon, the well-watered trees, were consoled(AE) in the earth below.(AF) 17 They too, like the great cedar, had gone down to the realm of the dead, to those killed by the sword,(AG) along with the armed men who lived in its shade among the nations.

18 “‘Which of the trees of Eden can be compared with you in splendor and majesty? Yet you, too, will be brought down with the trees of Eden to the earth below; you will lie among the uncircumcised,(AH) with those killed by the sword.

“‘This is Pharaoh and all his hordes, declares the Sovereign Lord.’”

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