Exodus 7-12

Holman Christian Standard Bible

7 The Lord answered Moses, “See, I have made you like God to Pharaoh, and Aaron your brother will be your prophet. ²You must say whatever I command you; then Aaron your brother must declare it to Pharaoh so that he will let the Israelites go from his land. ³But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart^(A) and multiply My signs and wonders in the land of Egypt. ⁴Pharaoh will not listen to you, but I will put My hand on Egypt and bring the divisions of My people the Israelites out of the land of Egypt by great acts of judgment. ⁵The Egyptians will know that I am Yahweh^(B) when I stretch out My hand^(C) against Egypt, and bring out the Israelites from among them.”

⁶So Moses and Aaron did this; they did just as the Lord commanded them. ⁷Moses was 80 years old^(D) and Aaron 83 when they spoke to Pharaoh.

⁸The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, ⁹“When Pharaoh tells you, ‘Perform a miracle,’ tell Aaron, ‘Take your staff and throw it down before Pharaoh. It will become a serpent.’”^(E) ¹⁰So Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh and did just as the Lord had commanded. Aaron threw down his staff before Pharaoh and his officials, and it became a serpent. ¹¹But then Pharaoh called the wise men and sorcerers—the magicians^(F) of Egypt, and they also did the same thing by their occult practices.^(G) ¹²Each one threw down his staff, and it became a serpent. But Aaron’s staff swallowed their staffs. ¹³However, Pharaoh’s heart hardened,^(H) and he did not listen to them, as the Lord had said.

The First Plague: Water Turned to Blood

¹⁴Then the Lord said to Moses, “Pharaoh’s heart is hard: he refuses to let the people go. ¹⁵Go to Pharaoh in the morning. When you see him walking out to the water, stand ready to meet him by the bank of the Nile. Take in your hand the staff that turned into a snake.^(I) ¹⁶Tell him: Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, has sent me to tell you: Let My people go, so that they may worship^[a] Me in the wilderness, but so far you have not listened. ¹⁷This is what Yahweh says: Here is how you will know that I am Yahweh. Watch. I will strike the water in the Nile with the staff in my hand, and it will turn to blood. ¹⁸The fish in the Nile will die, the river will stink, and the Egyptians will be unable to drink water from it.”

¹⁹So the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron: Take your staff and stretch out your hand^(J) over the waters of Egypt—over their rivers, canals,^[b] ponds, and all their water reservoirs—and they will become blood. There will be blood throughout the land of Egypt, even in wooden and stone containers.”

²⁰Moses and Aaron did just as the Lord had commanded; in the sight of Pharaoh and his officials, he raised the staff and struck the water in the Nile, and all the water in the Nile was turned to blood.^(K) ²¹The fish in the Nile died, and the river smelled so bad the Egyptians could not drink water from it. There was blood throughout the land of Egypt.

²²But the magicians of Egypt did the same thing by their occult practices. So Pharaoh’s heart hardened, and he would not listen to them, as the Lord had said. ²³Pharaoh turned around, went into his palace, and didn’t even take this to heart. ²⁴All the Egyptians dug around the Nile for water to drink because they could not drink the water from the river. ²⁵Seven days passed after the Lord struck the Nile.

The Second Plague: Frogs

8 ^[c]Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go in to Pharaoh and tell him: This is what Yahweh says: Let My people go, so that they may worship Me.^(L) ²But if you refuse to let them go, then I will plague all your territory with frogs.^(M) ³The Nile will swarm with frogs; they will come up and go into your palace, into your bedroom and on your bed, into the houses of your officials and your people, and into your ovens and kneading bowls. ⁴The frogs will come up on you, your people, and all your officials.”

⁵^[d]The Lord then said to Moses, “Tell Aaron: Stretch out your hand with your staff over the rivers, canals, and ponds, and cause the frogs to come up onto the land of Egypt.”^(N) ⁶When Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt, the frogs^(O) came up and covered the land of Egypt. ⁷But the magicians did the same thing by their occult practices and brought frogs up onto the land of Egypt.

⁸Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Ask^(P) Yahweh to remove the frogs from me and my people. Then I will let the people go and they can sacrifice to Yahweh.”

⁹Moses said to Pharaoh, “You make the choice rather than me. When should I ask on behalf of you, your officials, and your people, that the frogs be taken away from you and your houses, and remain only in the Nile?”

¹⁰“Tomorrow,” he answered.

Moses replied, “As you have said, so you may know there is no one like Yahweh our God,^(Q) ¹¹the frogs will go away from you, your houses, your officials, and your people. The frogs will remain only in the Nile.” ¹²After Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh, Moses cried out to the Lord for help concerning the frogs that He had brought against^[e] Pharaoh. ¹³The Lord did as Moses had said: the frogs in the houses, courtyards, and fields died. ¹⁴They piled them in countless heaps, and there was a terrible odor in the land. ¹⁵But when Pharaoh saw there was relief, he hardened his heart^(R) and would not listen to them, as the Lord had said.

The Third Plague: Gnats

¹⁶Then the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron: Stretch out your staff and strike the dust of the earth, and it will become gnats^[f] throughout the land of Egypt.” ¹⁷And they did this. Aaron stretched out his hand with his staff, and when he struck the dust of the earth, gnats were on man and beast. All the dust of the earth became gnats throughout the land of Egypt. ¹⁸The magicians tried to produce gnats using their occult practices, but they could not. The gnats remained on man and beast.^(S)

¹⁹“This is the finger of God,”^(T) the magicians said to Pharaoh. But Pharaoh’s heart hardened, and he would not listen to them, as the Lord had said.

The Fourth Plague: Swarms of Flies

²⁰The Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning and present yourself to Pharaoh when you see him going out to the water. Tell him: This is what Yahweh says: Let My people go, so that they may worship^[g] Me.^(U) ²¹But if you will not let My people go, then I will send swarms of flies^[h] against you, your officials, your people, and your houses. The Egyptians’ houses will swarm with flies, and so will the land where they live.^[i] ²²But on that day I will give special treatment to the land of Goshen, where My people are living;^(V) no flies will be there. This way you will know that I, Yahweh, am in the land. ²³I will make a distinction^[j] between My people and your people. This sign will take place tomorrow.”

²⁴And the Lord did this. Thick swarms of flies went into Pharaoh’s palace and his officials’ houses. Throughout Egypt the land was ruined because of the swarms of flies.^(W) ²⁵Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Go sacrifice to your God within the country.”

²⁶But Moses said, “It would not be right^[k] to do that, because what we will sacrifice to the Lord our God is detestable to the Egyptians.^(X) If we sacrifice what the Egyptians detest in front of them, won’t they stone us? ²⁷We must go a distance of three days into the wilderness and sacrifice to the Lord our God as He instructs us.”

²⁸Pharaoh responded, “I will let you go and sacrifice to the Lord your God in the wilderness, but don’t go very far. Make an appeal^(Y) for me.”

²⁹“As soon as I leave you,” Moses said, “I will appeal to the Lord, and tomorrow the swarms of flies will depart from Pharaoh, his officials, and his people. But Pharaoh must not act deceptively again by refusing to let the people go and sacrifice to the Lord.” ³⁰Then Moses left Pharaoh’s presence and appealed to the Lord. ³¹The Lord did as Moses had said: He removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, his officials, and his people; not one was left. ³²But Pharaoh hardened his heart this time also and did not let the people go.

The Fifth Plague: Death of Livestock

9 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go in to Pharaoh and say to him: This is what Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, says: Let My people go, so that they may worship Me. ²But if you refuse to let them go and keep holding them, ³then the Lord’s hand will bring a severe plague against your livestock in the field—the horses, donkeys, camels, herds, and flocks. ⁴But the Lord will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and the livestock of Egypt, so that nothing of all that the Israelites own will die.” ⁵And the Lord set a time, saying, “Tomorrow the Lord will do this thing in the land.”^(Z) ⁶The Lord did this the next day. All the Egyptian livestock died,^(AA) but none among the Israelite livestock died. ⁷Pharaoh sent messengers who saw that not a single one of the Israelite livestock was dead. But Pharaoh’s heart was hardened,^(AB) and he did not let the people go.

The Sixth Plague: Boils

⁸Then the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Take handfuls of furnace soot, and Moses is to throw it toward heaven in the sight of Pharaoh. ⁹It will become fine dust over the entire land of Egypt. It will become festering boils^(AC) on man and beast throughout the land of Egypt.” ¹⁰So they took furnace soot and stood before Pharaoh. Moses threw it toward heaven, and it became festering boils on man and beast. ¹¹The magicians could not stand before Moses because of the boils, for the boils were on the magicians as well as on all the Egyptians.^(AD) ¹²But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart^(AE) and he did not listen to them, as the Lord had told Moses.

The Seventh Plague: Hail

¹³Then the Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning and present yourself to Pharaoh. Tell him: This is what Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews says: Let My people go, so that they may worship Me. ¹⁴Otherwise, I am going to send all My plagues against you,^[l] your officials, and your people. Then you will know there is no one like Me in all the earth. ¹⁵By now I could have stretched out My hand and struck you and your people with a plague, and you would have been obliterated from the earth.^(AF) ¹⁶However, I have let you live for this purpose: to show you My power^(AG) and to make My name known in all the earth. ¹⁷You are still acting arrogantly against^[m] My people by not letting them go. ¹⁸Tomorrow at this time I will rain down the worst hail^(AH) that has ever occurred in Egypt from the day it was founded until now. ¹⁹Therefore give orders to bring your livestock and all that you have in the field into shelters. Every person and animal that is in the field and not brought inside will die when the hail falls on them.” ²⁰Those among Pharaoh’s officials who feared the word of the Lord made their servants and livestock flee to shelters, ²¹but those who didn’t take the Lord’s word seriously left their servants and livestock in the field.

²²Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward heaven and let there be hail throughout the land of Egypt—on man and beast and every plant of the field in the land of Egypt.” ²³So Moses stretched out his staff toward heaven, and the Lord sent thunder and hail.^(AI) Lightning struck the earth, and the Lord rained hail on the land of Egypt. ²⁴The hail, with lightning flashing through it, was so severe that nothing like it had occurred in the land of Egypt since it had become a nation. ²⁵Throughout the land of Egypt, the hail struck down everything in the field, both man and beast. The hail beat down every plant of the field and shattered every tree in the field. ²⁶The only place it didn’t hail was in the land of Goshen where the Israelites were.^(AJ)

²⁷Pharaoh sent for Moses and Aaron. “I have sinned this time,” he said to them. “Yahweh is the Righteous^(AK) One, and I and my people are the guilty ones. ²⁸Make an appeal to Yahweh. There has been enough of God’s thunder and hail. I will let you go;^(AL) you don’t need to stay any longer.”

²⁹Moses said to him, “When I have left the city, I will extend my hands^(AM) to Yahweh. The thunder will cease, and there will be no more hail, so that you may know the earth^(AN) belongs to Yahweh. ³⁰But as for you and your officials, I know that you still do not fear Yahweh our God.”

³¹The flax and the barley were destroyed because the barley was ripe^[n] and the flax was budding,^(AO) ³²but the wheat and the spelt were not destroyed since they are later crops.^[o]

³³Moses went out from Pharaoh and the city, and extended his hands to the Lord. Then the thunder and hail ceased, and rain no longer poured down on the land. ³⁴When Pharaoh saw that the rain, hail, and thunder had ceased, he sinned again and hardened his heart, he and his officials. ³⁵So Pharaoh’s heart hardened, and he did not let the Israelites go, as the Lord had said through Moses.

The Eighth Plague: Locusts

10 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart and the hearts of his officials so that I may do these miraculous signs of Mine among them,^[p]^(AP) ²and so that you may tell^[q] your son and grandson^(AQ) how severely I dealt with the Egyptians and performed miraculous signs among them, and you will know that I am Yahweh.”

³So Moses and Aaron went in to Pharaoh and told him, “This is what Yahweh, the God of the Hebrews, says: How long will you refuse to humble yourself before Me? Let My people go, that they may worship Me.^(AR) ⁴But if you refuse to let My people go, then tomorrow I will bring locusts^(AS) into your territory. ⁵They will cover the surface of the land so that no one will be able to see the land. They will eat the remainder left^(AT) to you that escaped the hail; they will eat every tree you have growing in the fields. ⁶They will fill your houses, all your officials’ houses, and the houses of all the Egyptians—something your fathers and ancestors never saw since the time they occupied the land until today.” Then he turned and left Pharaoh’s presence.

⁷Pharaoh’s officials asked him, “How long must this man be a snare^(AU) to us? Let the men go, so that they may worship Yahweh their God. Don’t you realize yet that Egypt is devastated?”

⁸So Moses and Aaron were brought back to Pharaoh. “Go, worship Yahweh your God,” Pharaoh said. “But exactly who will be going?”

⁹Moses replied, “We will go with our young and our old; we will go with our sons and daughters and with our flocks and herds because we must hold Yahweh’s festival.”^(AV)

¹⁰He said to them, “May Yahweh be with you if I ever let you and your families go!^[r] Look out—you are planning evil. ¹¹No, only the men may go and worship Yahweh, for that is what you have been asking for.” And they were driven from Pharaoh’s presence.

¹²The Lord then said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand over the land of Egypt and the locusts will come up over it and eat every plant in the land, everything that the hail left.” ¹³So Moses stretched out his staff over the land of Egypt, and the Lord sent an east wind over the land all that day and through the night. By morning the east wind had brought in the locusts. ¹⁴The locusts went up over the entire land of Egypt and settled on the whole territory of Egypt. Never before had there been such a large number of locusts, and there never will be again.^(AW) ¹⁵They covered the surface of the whole land so that the land was black, and they consumed all the plants on the ground and all the fruit on the trees that the hail had left. Nothing green was left on the trees or the plants in the field throughout the land of Egypt.^(AX)

¹⁶Pharaoh urgently sent for Moses and Aaron and said, “I have sinned against Yahweh your God and against you. ¹⁷Please forgive my sin once more and make an appeal to Yahweh your God, so that He will take this death away from me.” ¹⁸Moses left Pharaoh’s presence and appealed to the Lord.^(AY) ¹⁹Then the Lord changed the wind to a strong west^[s] wind, and it carried off the locusts and blew them into the Red Sea.^(AZ) Not a single locust was left in all the territory of Egypt. ²⁰But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart,^(BA) and he did not let the Israelites go.

The Ninth Plague: Darkness

²¹Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward heaven, and there will be darkness over the land of Egypt, a darkness that can be felt.” ²²So Moses stretched out his hand toward heaven, and there was thick darkness throughout the land of Egypt for three days. ²³One person could not see another, and for three days they did not move from where they were. Yet all the Israelites had light where they lived.^(BB)

²⁴Pharaoh summoned Moses and said, “Go, worship Yahweh. Even your families may go with you; only your flocks and herds must stay behind.”

²⁵Moses responded, “You must also let us have^[t] sacrifices and burnt offerings to prepare for Yahweh our God. ²⁶Even our livestock must go with us; not a hoof will be left behind because we will take some of them to worship Yahweh our God. We will not know what we will use to worship Yahweh until we get there.”

²⁷But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart,^(BC) and he was unwilling to let them go. ²⁸Pharaoh said to him, “Leave me! Make sure you never see my face again, for on the day you see my face, you will die.”

²⁹“As you have said,” Moses replied, “I will never see your face again.”^(BD)

The Tenth Plague: Death of the Firstborn

11 The Lord said^[u] to Moses, “I will bring one more plague on Pharaoh and on Egypt. After that, he will let you go from here. When he lets you go,^[v] he will drive you out of here. ²Now announce to the people that both men and women should ask their neighbors for silver and gold jewelry.” ³The Lord gave^[w] the people favor in the sight of the Egyptians. And the man Moses was highly regarded^[x] in the land of Egypt by^[y] Pharaoh’s officials and the people.^(BE)

⁴So Moses said, “This is what Yahweh says: ‘About midnight I will go throughout Egypt, ⁵and every firstborn male in the land of Egypt will die, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sits on his throne to the firstborn of the servant girl who is behind the millstones, as well as every firstborn of the livestock. ⁶Then there will be a great cry of anguish through all the land of Egypt such as never was before, or ever will be again. ⁷But against all the Israelites, whether man or beast, not even a dog will snarl,^[z] so that you may know that Yahweh makes a distinction between Egypt and Israel. ⁸All these officials of yours will come down to me and bow before me, saying: Leave, you and all the people who follow you.^[aa] After that, I will leave.’” And he left Pharaoh’s presence in fierce anger.^(BF)

⁹The Lord said to Moses, “Pharaoh will not listen^(BG) to you, so that My wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.” ¹⁰Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart,^(BH) and he would not let the Israelites go out of his land.

Instructions for the Passover

12 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt: ²“This month is to be the beginning of months for you; it is the first month of your year.^(BI) ³Tell the whole community of Israel that on the tenth day of this month they must each select an animal of the flock according to their fathers’ households, one animal per household. ⁴If the household is too small for a whole animal, that person and the neighbor nearest his house are to select one based on the combined number of people; you should apportion the animal according to what each person^[ab] will eat. ⁵You must have an unblemished^(BJ) animal, a year-old male; you may take it from either the sheep or the goats. ⁶You are to keep it until the fourteenth day of this month; then the whole assembly of the community of Israel will slaughter the animals at twilight.^(BK) ⁷They must take some of the blood and put it on the two doorposts and the lintel of the houses where they eat them. ⁸They are to eat the meat that night; they should eat it, roasted over the fire along with unleavened bread and bitter herbs.^(BL) ⁹Do not eat any of it raw or cooked in boiling^[ac] water, but only roasted^(BM) over fire—its head as well as its legs and inner organs. ¹⁰Do not let any of it remain until morning;^(BN) you must burn up any part of it that does remain before morning. ¹¹Here is how you must eat it: you must be dressed for travel,^[ad] your sandals on your feet, and your staff in your hand. You are to eat it in a hurry; it is the Lord’s Passover.^(BO)

¹²“I will pass through^(BP) the land of Egypt on that night and strike every firstborn male in the land of Egypt, both man and beast. I am Yahweh; I will execute judgments against all the gods of Egypt.^(BQ) ¹³The blood on the houses where you are staying will be a distinguishing mark for you; when I see the blood, I will pass over you. No plague will be among you to destroy you when I strike the land of Egypt.

¹⁴“This day is to be a memorial for you, and you must celebrate it as a festival to the Lord. You are to celebrate it throughout your generations as a permanent statute.^(BR) ¹⁵You must eat unleavened bread for seven days. On the first day you must remove yeast^(BS) from your houses. Whoever eats what is leavened from the first day through the seventh day must be cut off^(BT) from Israel. ¹⁶You are to hold a sacred assembly^(BU) on the first day and another sacred assembly on the seventh day. No work may be done on those days except for preparing what people need to eat—you may do only that.

¹⁷“You are to observe the Festival of Unleavened Bread because on this very day I brought your divisions out of the land of Egypt.^(BV) You must observe this day throughout your generations as a permanent statute. ¹⁸You are to eat unleavened bread in the first month,^(BW) from the evening of the fourteenth day of the month until the evening of the twenty-first day. ¹⁹Yeast must not be found in your houses for seven days. If anyone eats something leavened, that person, whether a foreign resident or native of the land, must be cut off from the community of Israel. ²⁰Do not eat anything leavened; eat unleavened bread in all your homes.”^[ae]

²¹Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Go, select an animal from the flock according to your families, and slaughter the Passover animal.^(BX) ²²Take a cluster of hyssop, dip it in the blood^(BY) that is in the basin, and brush the lintel and the two doorposts with some of the blood in the basin. None of you may go out the door of his house until morning. ²³When the Lord passes through to strike Egypt and sees the blood on the lintel and the two doorposts, He will pass over the door and not let the destroyer enter your houses to strike you.^(BZ)

²⁴“Keep this command permanently as a statute for you and your descendants. ²⁵When you enter the land that the Lord will give you as He promised, you are to observe this ritual. ²⁶When your children^(CA) ask you, ‘What does this ritual mean to you?’ ²⁷you are to reply, ‘It is the Passover sacrifice^(CB) to the Lord, for He passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt when He struck the Egyptians and spared our homes.’” So the people bowed down and worshiped. ²⁸Then the Israelites went and did this; they did just as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron.

The Exodus

²⁹Now at midnight the Lord struck every firstborn male in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh who sat on his throne to the firstborn of the prisoner who was in the dungeon, and every firstborn of the livestock.^(CC) ³⁰During the night Pharaoh got up, he along with all his officials and all the Egyptians, and there was a loud wailing^(CD) throughout Egypt because there wasn’t a house without someone dead. ³¹He summoned Moses and Aaron during the night and said, “Get up, leave my people, both you and the Israelites, and go, worship Yahweh as you have asked. ³²Take even your flocks and your herds as you asked and leave, and also bless me.”

³³Now the Egyptians pressured the people in order to send them quickly out of the country, for they said, “We’re all going to die!”^(CE) ³⁴So the people took their dough before it was leavened, with their kneading bowls wrapped up in their clothes on their shoulders.

³⁵The Israelites acted on Moses’ word and asked the Egyptians for silver and gold jewelry and for clothing.^(CF) ³⁶And the Lord gave the people such favor in the Egyptians’ sight that they gave them what they requested. In this way they plundered the Egyptians.

³⁷The Israelites traveled from Rameses to Succoth,^(CG) about 600,000^(CH) soldiers on foot, besides their families. ³⁸An ethnically diverse crowd also went up with them, along with a huge number of livestock, both flocks and herds. ³⁹The people baked the dough they had brought out of Egypt into unleavened loaves, since it had no yeast; for when they had been driven^(CI) out of Egypt they could not delay and had not prepared any provisions for themselves.

⁴⁰The time that the Israelites lived in Egypt^[af] was 430 years.^(CJ) ⁴¹At the end of 430 years, on that same day, all the Lord’s divisions went out from the land of Egypt. ⁴²It was a night of vigil in honor of the Lord, because He would bring them out of the land of Egypt. This same night is in honor of the Lord, a night vigil for all the Israelites throughout their generations.^(CK)

Passover Instruction

⁴³The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “This is the statute of the Passover: no foreigner may eat it. ⁴⁴But any slave a man has purchased may eat it, after you have circumcised him. ⁴⁵A temporary resident or hired hand may not eat the Passover.^(CL) ⁴⁶It is to be eaten in one house. You may not take any of the meat outside the house, and you may not break any of its bones.^(CM) ⁴⁷The whole community of Israel must celebrate^[ag] it. ⁴⁸If a foreigner resides with you and wants to celebrate the Lord’s Passover, every male in his household must be circumcised, and then he may participate;^[ah] he will become like a native of the land. But no uncircumcised person may eat it. ⁴⁹The same law will apply to both the native and the foreigner^(CN) who resides among you.”

⁵⁰Then all the Israelites did this; they did just as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron. ⁵¹On that same day the Lord brought the Israelites out of the land of Egypt according to their divisions.^(CO)

Footnotes

Exodus 7:16 Or serve; Ex 4:23
Exodus 7:19 The Hb word refers specifically to the various branches and canals of the Nile River; Ex 8:5.
Exodus 8:1 Ex 7:26 in Hb
Exodus 8:5 Ex 8:1 in Hb
Exodus 8:12 Or frogs, as he had agreed with
Exodus 8:16 Perhaps sand fleas or mosquitoes
Exodus 8:20 Or serve
Exodus 8:21 Or insects
Exodus 8:21 Lit are
Exodus 8:23 LXX, Syr, Vg; MT reads will place deliverance
Exodus 8:26 Or allowable
Exodus 9:14 Lit your heart
Exodus 9:17 Or still obstructing
Exodus 9:31 Lit was ears of grain
Exodus 9:32 Lit are late
Exodus 10:1 Lit Mine in his midst
Exodus 10:2 Lit tell in the ears of
Exodus 10:10 Pharaoh’s reply is sarcastic.
Exodus 10:19 Lit sea
Exodus 10:25 Lit also give in our hand
Exodus 11:1 Or had said
Exodus 11:1 Or go, it will be finished—
Exodus 11:3 Or had given
Exodus 11:3 Lit was very great
Exodus 11:3 Or in the eyes of
Exodus 11:7 Lit point its tongue
Exodus 11:8 Lit people at your feet
Exodus 12:4 Or household
Exodus 12:9 Or or boiled at all in
Exodus 12:11 Lit it: with your loins girded
Exodus 12:20 Or settlements
Exodus 12:40 LXX, Sam add and in Canaan
Exodus 12:47 Lit do
Exodus 12:48 Lit may come near to do it

Exodus 7-12

New International Version

7 Then the Lord said to Moses, “See, I have made you like God^(A) to Pharaoh, and your brother Aaron will be your prophet.^(B) ²You are to say everything I command you, and your brother Aaron is to tell Pharaoh to let the Israelites go out of his country. ³But I will harden Pharaoh’s heart,^(C) and though I multiply my signs and wonders^(D) in Egypt, ⁴he will not listen^(E) to you. Then I will lay my hand on Egypt and with mighty acts of judgment^(F) I will bring out my divisions,^(G) my people the Israelites. ⁵And the Egyptians will know that I am the Lord^(H) when I stretch out my hand^(I) against Egypt and bring the Israelites out of it.”

⁶Moses and Aaron did just as the Lord commanded^(J) them. ⁷Moses was eighty years old^(K) and Aaron eighty-three when they spoke to Pharaoh.

Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Snake

⁸The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, ⁹“When Pharaoh says to you, ‘Perform a miracle,^(L)’ then say to Aaron, ‘Take your staff and throw it down before Pharaoh,’ and it will become a snake.”^(M)

¹⁰So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and did just as the Lord commanded. Aaron threw his staff down in front of Pharaoh and his officials, and it became a snake. ¹¹Pharaoh then summoned wise men and sorcerers,^(N) and the Egyptian magicians^(O) also did the same things by their secret arts:^(P) ¹²Each one threw down his staff and it became a snake. But Aaron’s staff swallowed up their staffs. ¹³Yet Pharaoh’s heart^(Q) became hard and he would not listen^(R) to them, just as the Lord had said.

The Plague of Blood

¹⁴Then the Lord said to Moses, “Pharaoh’s heart is unyielding;^(S) he refuses to let the people go. ¹⁵Go to Pharaoh in the morning as he goes out to the river.^(T) Confront him on the bank of the Nile,^(U) and take in your hand the staff that was changed into a snake. ¹⁶Then say to him, ‘The Lord, the God of the Hebrews, has sent me to say to you: Let my people go, so that they may worship^(V) me in the wilderness. But until now you have not listened.^(W) ¹⁷This is what the Lord says: By this you will know that I am the Lord:^(X) With the staff that is in my hand I will strike the water of the Nile, and it will be changed into blood.^(Y) ¹⁸The fish in the Nile will die, and the river will stink;^(Z) the Egyptians will not be able to drink its water.’”^(AA)

¹⁹The Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Take your staff^(AB) and stretch out your hand^(AC) over the waters of Egypt—over the streams and canals, over the ponds and all the reservoirs—and they will turn to blood.’ Blood will be everywhere in Egypt, even in vessels^[a] of wood and stone.”

²⁰Moses and Aaron did just as the Lord had commanded.^(AD) He raised his staff in the presence of Pharaoh and his officials and struck the water of the Nile,^(AE) and all the water was changed into blood.^(AF) ²¹The fish in the Nile died, and the river smelled so bad that the Egyptians could not drink its water. Blood was everywhere in Egypt.

²²But the Egyptian magicians^(AG) did the same things by their secret arts,^(AH) and Pharaoh’s heart^(AI) became hard; he would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the Lord had said. ²³Instead, he turned and went into his palace, and did not take even this to heart. ²⁴And all the Egyptians dug along the Nile to get drinking water^(AJ), because they could not drink the water of the river.

The Plague of Frogs

²⁵Seven days passed after the Lord struck the Nile. 8 ¹^[b]Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: Let my people go, so that they may worship^(AK) me. ²If you refuse to let them go, I will send a plague of frogs^(AL) on your whole country. ³The Nile will teem with frogs. They will come up into your palace and your bedroom and onto your bed, into the houses of your officials and on your people,^(AM) and into your ovens and kneading troughs.^(AN) ⁴The frogs will come up on you and your people and all your officials.’”

⁵Then the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your hand with your staff^(AO) over the streams and canals and ponds, and make frogs^(AP) come up on the land of Egypt.’”

⁶So Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt, and the frogs^(AQ) came up and covered the land. ⁷But the magicians did the same things by their secret arts;^(AR) they also made frogs come up on the land of Egypt.

⁸Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Pray^(AS) to the Lord to take the frogs away from me and my people, and I will let your people go to offer sacrifices^(AT) to the Lord.”

⁹Moses said to Pharaoh, “I leave to you the honor of setting the time^(AU) for me to pray for you and your officials and your people that you and your houses may be rid of the frogs, except for those that remain in the Nile.”

¹⁰“Tomorrow,” Pharaoh said.

Moses replied, “It will be as you say, so that you may know there is no one like the Lord our God.^(AV) ¹¹The frogs will leave you and your houses, your officials and your people; they will remain only in the Nile.”

¹²After Moses and Aaron left Pharaoh, Moses cried out to the Lord about the frogs he had brought on Pharaoh. ¹³And the Lord did what Moses asked.^(AW) The frogs died in the houses, in the courtyards and in the fields. ¹⁴They were piled into heaps, and the land reeked of them. ¹⁵But when Pharaoh saw that there was relief,^(AX) he hardened his heart^(AY) and would not listen to Moses and Aaron, just as the Lord had said.

The Plague of Gnats

¹⁶Then the Lord said to Moses, “Tell Aaron, ‘Stretch out your staff^(AZ) and strike the dust of the ground,’ and throughout the land of Egypt the dust will become gnats.” ¹⁷They did this, and when Aaron stretched out his hand with the staff and struck the dust of the ground, gnats^(BA) came on people and animals. All the dust throughout the land of Egypt became gnats. ¹⁸But when the magicians^(BB) tried to produce gnats by their secret arts,^(BC) they could not.

Since the gnats were on people and animals everywhere, ¹⁹the magicians said to Pharaoh, “This is the finger^(BD) of God.” But Pharaoh’s heart^(BE) was hard and he would not listen,^(BF) just as the Lord had said.

The Plague of Flies

²⁰Then the Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning^(BG) and confront Pharaoh as he goes to the river and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord says: Let my people go, so that they may worship^(BH) me. ²¹If you do not let my people go, I will send swarms of flies on you and your officials, on your people and into your houses. The houses of the Egyptians will be full of flies; even the ground will be covered with them.

²²“‘But on that day I will deal differently with the land of Goshen,^(BI) where my people live;^(BJ) no swarms of flies will be there, so that you will know^(BK) that I, the Lord, am in this land. ²³I will make a distinction^[c] between my people and your people.^(BL) This sign will occur tomorrow.’”

²⁴And the Lord did this. Dense swarms of flies poured into Pharaoh’s palace and into the houses of his officials; throughout Egypt the land was ruined by the flies.^(BM)

²⁵Then Pharaoh summoned^(BN) Moses and Aaron and said, “Go, sacrifice to your God here in the land.”

²⁶But Moses said, “That would not be right. The sacrifices we offer the Lord our God would be detestable to the Egyptians.^(BO) And if we offer sacrifices that are detestable in their eyes, will they not stone us? ²⁷We must take a three-day journey^(BP) into the wilderness to offer sacrifices^(BQ) to the Lord our God, as he commands us.”

²⁸Pharaoh said, “I will let you go to offer sacrifices to the Lord your God in the wilderness, but you must not go very far. Now pray^(BR) for me.”

²⁹Moses answered, “As soon as I leave you, I will pray to the Lord, and tomorrow the flies will leave Pharaoh and his officials and his people. Only let Pharaoh be sure that he does not act deceitfully^(BS) again by not letting the people go to offer sacrifices to the Lord.”

³⁰Then Moses left Pharaoh and prayed to the Lord,^(BT) ³¹and the Lord did what Moses asked. The flies left Pharaoh and his officials and his people; not a fly remained. ³²But this time also Pharaoh hardened his heart^(BU) and would not let the people go.

The Plague on Livestock

9 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: “Let my people go, so that they may worship^(BV) me.” ²If you refuse to let them go and continue to hold them back, ³the hand^(BW) of the Lord will bring a terrible plague^(BX) on your livestock in the field—on your horses, donkeys and camels and on your cattle, sheep and goats. ⁴But the Lord will make a distinction between the livestock of Israel and that of Egypt,^(BY) so that no animal belonging to the Israelites will die.’”

⁵The Lord set a time and said, “Tomorrow the Lord will do this in the land.” ⁶And the next day the Lord did it: All the livestock^(BZ) of the Egyptians died,^(CA) but not one animal belonging to the Israelites died. ⁷Pharaoh investigated and found that not even one of the animals of the Israelites had died. Yet his heart^(CB) was unyielding and he would not let the people go.^(CC)

The Plague of Boils

⁸Then the Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “Take handfuls of soot from a furnace and have Moses toss it into the air in the presence of Pharaoh. ⁹It will become fine dust over the whole land of Egypt, and festering boils^(CD) will break out on people and animals throughout the land.”

¹⁰So they took soot from a furnace and stood before Pharaoh. Moses tossed it into the air, and festering boils broke out on people and animals. ¹¹The magicians^(CE) could not stand before Moses because of the boils that were on them and on all the Egyptians. ¹²But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart^(CF) and he would not listen^(CG) to Moses and Aaron, just as the Lord had said to Moses.

The Plague of Hail

¹³Then the Lord said to Moses, “Get up early in the morning, confront Pharaoh and say to him, ‘This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: Let my people go, so that they may worship^(CH) me, ¹⁴or this time I will send the full force of my plagues against you and against your officials and your people, so you may know^(CI) that there is no one like^(CJ) me in all the earth. ¹⁵For by now I could have stretched out my hand and struck you and your people^(CK) with a plague that would have wiped you off the earth. ¹⁶But I have raised you up^[d] for this very purpose,^(CL) that I might show you my power^(CM) and that my name might be proclaimed in all the earth. ¹⁷You still set yourself against my people and will not let them go. ¹⁸Therefore, at this time tomorrow I will send the worst hailstorm^(CN) that has ever fallen on Egypt, from the day it was founded till now.^(CO) ¹⁹Give an order now to bring your livestock and everything you have in the field to a place of shelter, because the hail will fall on every person and animal that has not been brought in and is still out in the field, and they will die.’”

²⁰Those officials of Pharaoh who feared^(CP) the word of the Lord hurried to bring their slaves and their livestock inside. ²¹But those who ignored^(CQ) the word of the Lord left their slaves and livestock in the field.

²²Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward the sky so that hail will fall all over Egypt—on people and animals and on everything growing in the fields of Egypt.” ²³When Moses stretched out his staff toward the sky, the Lord sent thunder^(CR) and hail,^(CS) and lightning flashed down to the ground. So the Lord rained hail on the land of Egypt; ²⁴hail fell and lightning flashed back and forth. It was the worst storm in all the land of Egypt since it had become a nation.^(CT) ²⁵Throughout Egypt hail struck everything in the fields—both people and animals; it beat down everything growing in the fields and stripped every tree.^(CU) ²⁶The only place it did not hail was the land of Goshen,^(CV) where the Israelites were.^(CW)

²⁷Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron. “This time I have sinned,”^(CX) he said to them. “The Lord is in the right,^(CY) and I and my people are in the wrong. ²⁸Pray^(CZ) to the Lord, for we have had enough thunder and hail. I will let you go;^(DA) you don’t have to stay any longer.”

²⁹Moses replied, “When I have gone out of the city, I will spread out my hands^(DB) in prayer to the Lord. The thunder will stop and there will be no more hail, so you may know that the earth^(DC) is the Lord’s. ³⁰But I know that you and your officials still do not fear^(DD) the Lord God.”

³¹(The flax and barley^(DE) were destroyed, since the barley had headed and the flax was in bloom. ³²The wheat and spelt,^(DF) however, were not destroyed, because they ripen later.)

³³Then Moses left Pharaoh and went out of the city. He spread out his hands toward the Lord; the thunder and hail stopped, and the rain no longer poured down on the land. ³⁴When Pharaoh saw that the rain and hail and thunder had stopped, he sinned again: He and his officials hardened their hearts. ³⁵So Pharaoh’s heart^(DG) was hard and he would not let the Israelites go, just as the Lord had said through Moses.

The Plague of Locusts

10 Then the Lord said to Moses, “Go to Pharaoh, for I have hardened his heart^(DH) and the hearts of his officials so that I may perform these signs^(DI) of mine among them ²that you may tell your children^(DJ) and grandchildren how I dealt harshly^(DK) with the Egyptians and how I performed my signs among them, and that you may know that I am the Lord.”^(DL)

³So Moses and Aaron went to Pharaoh and said to him, “This is what the Lord, the God of the Hebrews, says: ‘How long will you refuse to humble^(DM) yourself before me? Let my people go, so that they may worship me. ⁴If you refuse^(DN) to let them go, I will bring locusts^(DO) into your country tomorrow. ⁵They will cover the face of the ground so that it cannot be seen. They will devour what little you have left^(DP) after the hail, including every tree that is growing in your fields.^(DQ) ⁶They will fill your houses^(DR) and those of all your officials and all the Egyptians—something neither your parents nor your ancestors have ever seen from the day they settled in this land till now.’”^(DS) Then Moses turned and left Pharaoh.

⁷Pharaoh’s officials said to him, “How long will this man be a snare^(DT) to us? Let the people go, so that they may worship the Lord their God. Do you not yet realize that Egypt is ruined?”^(DU)

⁸Then Moses and Aaron were brought back to Pharaoh. “Go, worship^(DV) the Lord your God,” he said. “But tell me who will be going.”

⁹Moses answered, “We will go with our young and our old, with our sons and our daughters, and with our flocks and herds, because we are to celebrate a festival^(DW) to the Lord.”

¹⁰Pharaoh said, “The Lord be with you—if I let you go, along with your women and children! Clearly you are bent on evil.^[e] ¹¹No! Have only the men go and worship the Lord, since that’s what you have been asking for.” Then Moses and Aaron were driven out of Pharaoh’s presence.

¹²And the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand^(DX) over Egypt so that locusts swarm over the land and devour everything growing in the fields, everything left by the hail.”

¹³So Moses stretched out his staff^(DY) over Egypt, and the Lord made an east wind blow across the land all that day and all that night. By morning the wind had brought the locusts;^(DZ) ¹⁴they invaded all Egypt and settled down in every area of the country in great numbers. Never before had there been such a plague of locusts,^(EA) nor will there ever be again. ¹⁵They covered all the ground until it was black. They devoured^(EB) all that was left after the hail—everything growing in the fields and the fruit on the trees. Nothing green remained on tree or plant in all the land of Egypt.

¹⁶Pharaoh quickly summoned^(EC) Moses and Aaron and said, “I have sinned^(ED) against the Lord your God and against you. ¹⁷Now forgive^(EE) my sin once more and pray^(EF) to the Lord your God to take this deadly plague away from me.”

¹⁸Moses then left Pharaoh and prayed to the Lord.^(EG) ¹⁹And the Lord changed the wind to a very strong west wind, which caught up the locusts and carried them into the Red Sea.^[f] Not a locust was left anywhere in Egypt. ²⁰But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart,^(EH) and he would not let the Israelites go.

The Plague of Darkness

²¹Then the Lord said to Moses, “Stretch out your hand toward the sky so that darkness^(EI) spreads over Egypt—darkness that can be felt.” ²²So Moses stretched out his hand toward the sky, and total darkness^(EJ) covered all Egypt for three days. ²³No one could see anyone else or move about for three days. Yet all the Israelites had light in the places where they lived.^(EK)

²⁴Then Pharaoh summoned Moses and said, “Go,^(EL) worship the Lord. Even your women and children^(EM) may go with you; only leave your flocks and herds behind.”^(EN)

²⁵But Moses said, “You must allow us to have sacrifices and burnt offerings^(EO) to present to the Lord our God. ²⁶Our livestock too must go with us; not a hoof is to be left behind. We have to use some of them in worshiping the Lord our God, and until we get there we will not know what we are to use to worship the Lord.”

²⁷But the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart,^(EP) and he was not willing to let them go. ²⁸Pharaoh said to Moses, “Get out of my sight! Make sure you do not appear before me again! The day you see my face you will die.”

²⁹“Just as you say,” Moses replied. “I will never appear^(EQ) before you again.”

The Plague on the Firstborn

11 Now the Lord had said to Moses, “I will bring one more plague on Pharaoh and on Egypt. After that, he will let you go^(ER) from here, and when he does, he will drive you out completely.^(ES) ²Tell the people that men and women alike are to ask their neighbors for articles of silver and gold.”^(ET) ³(The Lord made the Egyptians favorably disposed^(EU) toward the people, and Moses himself was highly regarded^(EV) in Egypt by Pharaoh’s officials and by the people.)

⁴So Moses said, “This is what the Lord says: ‘About midnight^(EW) I will go throughout Egypt.^(EX) ⁵Every firstborn^(EY) son in Egypt will die, from the firstborn son of Pharaoh, who sits on the throne, to the firstborn son of the female slave, who is at her hand mill,^(EZ) and all the firstborn of the cattle as well. ⁶There will be loud wailing^(FA) throughout Egypt—worse than there has ever been or ever will be again. ⁷But among the Israelites not a dog will bark at any person or animal.’ Then you will know that the Lord makes a distinction^(FB) between Egypt and Israel. ⁸All these officials of yours will come to me, bowing down before me and saying, ‘Go,^(FC) you and all the people who follow you!’ After that I will leave.”^(FD) Then Moses, hot with anger, left Pharaoh.

⁹The Lord had said to Moses, “Pharaoh will refuse to listen^(FE) to you—so that my wonders^(FF) may be multiplied in Egypt.” ¹⁰Moses and Aaron performed all these wonders before Pharaoh, but the Lord hardened Pharaoh’s heart,^(FG) and he would not let the Israelites go out of his country.

The Passover and the Festival of Unleavened Bread^(FH)

12 The Lord said to Moses and Aaron in Egypt, ²“This month is to be for you the first month,^(FI) the first month of your year. ³Tell the whole community of Israel that on the tenth day of this month each man is to take a lamb^[g]^(FJ) for his family, one for each household.^(FK) ⁴If any household is too small for a whole lamb, they must share one with their nearest neighbor, having taken into account the number of people there are. You are to determine the amount of lamb needed in accordance with what each person will eat. ⁵The animals you choose must be year-old males without defect,^(FL) and you may take them from the sheep or the goats. ⁶Take care of them until the fourteenth day of the month,^(FM) when all the members of the community of Israel must slaughter them at twilight.^(FN) ⁷Then they are to take some of the blood^(FO) and put it on the sides and tops of the doorframes of the houses where they eat the lambs. ⁸That same night^(FP) they are to eat the meat roasted^(FQ) over the fire, along with bitter herbs,^(FR) and bread made without yeast.^(FS) ⁹Do not eat the meat raw or boiled in water, but roast it over a fire—with the head, legs and internal organs.^(FT) ¹⁰Do not leave any of it till morning;^(FU) if some is left till morning, you must burn it. ¹¹This is how you are to eat it: with your cloak tucked into your belt, your sandals on your feet and your staff in your hand. Eat it in haste;^(FV) it is the Lord’s Passover.^(FW)

¹²“On that same night I will pass through^(FX) Egypt and strike down^(FY) every firstborn^(FZ) of both people and animals, and I will bring judgment on all the gods^(GA) of Egypt. I am the Lord.^(GB) ¹³The blood will be a sign for you on the houses where you are, and when I see the blood, I will pass over^(GC) you. No destructive plague will touch you when I strike Egypt.^(GD)

¹⁴“This is a day you are to commemorate;^(GE) for the generations to come you shall celebrate it as a festival to the Lord—a lasting ordinance.^(GF) ¹⁵For seven days you are to eat bread made without yeast.^(GG) On the first day remove the yeast from your houses, for whoever eats anything with yeast in it from the first day through the seventh must be cut off^(GH) from Israel. ¹⁶On the first day hold a sacred assembly, and another one on the seventh day. Do no work^(GI) at all on these days, except to prepare food for everyone to eat; that is all you may do.

¹⁷“Celebrate the Festival of Unleavened Bread,^(GJ) because it was on this very day that I brought your divisions out of Egypt.^(GK) Celebrate this day as a lasting ordinance for the generations to come.^(GL) ¹⁸In the first month^(GM) you are to eat bread made without yeast, from the evening of the fourteenth day until the evening of the twenty-first day. ¹⁹For seven days no yeast is to be found in your houses. And anyone, whether foreigner^(GN) or native-born, who eats anything with yeast in it must be cut off^(GO) from the community of Israel. ²⁰Eat nothing made with yeast. Wherever you live,^(GP) you must eat unleavened bread.”^(GQ)

²¹Then Moses summoned all the elders of Israel and said to them, “Go at once and select the animals for your families and slaughter the Passover^(GR) lamb. ²²Take a bunch of hyssop,^(GS) dip it into the blood in the basin and put some of the blood^(GT) on the top and on both sides of the doorframe. None of you shall go out of the door of your house until morning. ²³When the Lord goes through the land to strike^(GU) down the Egyptians, he will see the blood^(GV) on the top and sides of the doorframe and will pass over^(GW) that doorway, and he will not permit the destroyer^(GX) to enter your houses and strike you down.

²⁴“Obey these instructions as a lasting ordinance^(GY) for you and your descendants. ²⁵When you enter the land^(GZ) that the Lord will give you as he promised, observe this ceremony. ²⁶And when your children^(HA) ask you, ‘What does this ceremony mean to you?’ ²⁷then tell them, ‘It is the Passover^(HB) sacrifice to the Lord, who passed over the houses of the Israelites in Egypt and spared our homes when he struck down the Egyptians.’”^(HC) Then the people bowed down and worshiped.^(HD) ²⁸The Israelites did just what the Lord commanded^(HE) Moses and Aaron.

²⁹At midnight^(HF) the Lord^(HG) struck down all the firstborn^(HH) in Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh, who sat on the throne, to the firstborn of the prisoner, who was in the dungeon, and the firstborn of all the livestock^(HI) as well. ³⁰Pharaoh and all his officials and all the Egyptians got up during the night, and there was loud wailing^(HJ) in Egypt, for there was not a house without someone dead.

The Exodus

³¹During the night Pharaoh summoned Moses and Aaron and said, “Up! Leave my people, you and the Israelites! Go, worship^(HK) the Lord as you have requested. ³²Take your flocks and herds,^(HL) as you have said, and go. And also bless^(HM) me.”

³³The Egyptians urged the people to hurry^(HN) and leave^(HO) the country. “For otherwise,” they said, “we will all die!”^(HP) ³⁴So the people took their dough before the yeast was added, and carried it on their shoulders in kneading troughs^(HQ) wrapped in clothing. ³⁵The Israelites did as Moses instructed and asked the Egyptians for articles of silver and gold^(HR) and for clothing.^(HS) ³⁶The Lord had made the Egyptians favorably disposed^(HT) toward the people, and they gave them what they asked for; so they plundered^(HU) the Egyptians.

³⁷The Israelites journeyed from Rameses^(HV) to Sukkoth.^(HW) There were about six hundred thousand men^(HX) on foot, besides women and children. ³⁸Many other people^(HY) went up with them, and also large droves of livestock, both flocks and herds. ³⁹With the dough the Israelites had brought from Egypt, they baked loaves of unleavened bread. The dough was without yeast because they had been driven out^(HZ) of Egypt and did not have time to prepare food for themselves.

⁴⁰Now the length of time the Israelite people lived in Egypt^[h] was 430 years.^(IA) ⁴¹At the end of the 430 years, to the very day, all the Lord’s divisions^(IB) left Egypt.^(IC) ⁴²Because the Lord kept vigil that night to bring them out of Egypt, on this night all the Israelites are to keep vigil to honor the Lord for the generations to come.^(ID)

Passover Restrictions

⁴³The Lord said to Moses and Aaron, “These are the regulations for the Passover meal:^(IE)

“No foreigner^(IF) may eat it. ⁴⁴Any slave you have bought may eat it after you have circumcised^(IG) him, ⁴⁵but a temporary resident or a hired worker^(IH) may not eat it.

⁴⁶“It must be eaten inside the house; take none of the meat outside the house. Do not break any of the bones.^(II) ⁴⁷The whole community of Israel must celebrate it.

⁴⁸“A foreigner residing among you who wants to celebrate the Lord’s Passover must have all the males in his household circumcised; then he may take part like one born in the land.^(IJ) No uncircumcised^(IK) male may eat it. ⁴⁹The same law applies both to the native-born and to the foreigner^(IL) residing among you.”

⁵⁰All the Israelites did just what the Lord had commanded^(IM) Moses and Aaron. ⁵¹And on that very day the Lord brought the Israelites out of Egypt^(IN) by their divisions.^(IO)

Footnotes

Exodus 7:19 Or even on their idols
Exodus 8:1 In Hebrew texts 8:1-4 is numbered 7:26-29, and 8:5-32 is numbered 8:1-28.
Exodus 8:23 Septuagint and Vulgate; Hebrew will put a deliverance
Exodus 9:16 Or have spared you
Exodus 10:10 Or Be careful, trouble is in store for you!
Exodus 10:19 Or the Sea of Reeds
Exodus 12:3 The Hebrew word can mean lamb or kid; also in verse 4.
Exodus 12:40 Masoretic Text; Samaritan Pentateuch and Septuagint Egypt and Canaan

Exodus 7-12

King James Version

7 And the Lord said unto Moses, See, I have made thee a god to Pharaoh: and Aaron thy brother shall be thy prophet.

²Thou shalt speak all that I command thee: and Aaron thy brother shall speak unto Pharaoh, that he send the children of Israel out of his land.

³And I will harden Pharaoh's heart, and multiply my signs and my wonders in the land of Egypt.

⁴But Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you, that I may lay my hand upon Egypt, and bring forth mine armies, and my people the children of Israel, out of the land of Egypt by great judgments.

⁵And the Egyptians shall know that I am the Lord, when I stretch forth mine hand upon Egypt, and bring out the children of Israel from among them.

⁶And Moses and Aaron did as the Lord commanded them, so did they.

⁷And Moses was fourscore years old, and Aaron fourscore and three years old, when they spake unto Pharaoh.

⁸And the Lord spake unto Moses and unto Aaron, saying,

⁹When Pharaoh shall speak unto you, saying, Shew a miracle for you: then thou shalt say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and cast it before Pharaoh, and it shall become a serpent.

¹⁰And Moses and Aaron went in unto Pharaoh, and they did so as the Lord had commanded: and Aaron cast down his rod before Pharaoh, and before his servants, and it became a serpent.

¹¹Then Pharaoh also called the wise men and the sorcerers: now the magicians of Egypt, they also did in like manner with their enchantments.

¹²For they cast down every man his rod, and they became serpents: but Aaron's rod swallowed up their rods.

¹³And he hardened Pharaoh's heart, that he hearkened not unto them; as the Lord had said.

¹⁴And the Lord said unto Moses, Pharaoh's heart is hardened, he refuseth to let the people go.

¹⁵Get thee unto Pharaoh in the morning; lo, he goeth out unto the water; and thou shalt stand by the river's brink against he come; and the rod which was turned to a serpent shalt thou take in thine hand.

¹⁶And thou shalt say unto him, The Lord God of the Hebrews hath sent me unto thee, saying, Let my people go, that they may serve me in the wilderness: and, behold, hitherto thou wouldest not hear.

¹⁷Thus saith the Lord, In this thou shalt know that I am the Lord: behold, I will smite with the rod that is in mine hand upon the waters which are in the river, and they shall be turned to blood.

¹⁸And the fish that is in the river shall die, and the river shall stink; and the Egyptians shall lothe to drink of the water of the river.

¹⁹And the Lord spake unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Take thy rod, and stretch out thine hand upon the waters of Egypt, upon their streams, upon their rivers, and upon their ponds, and upon all their pools of water, that they may become blood; and that there may be blood throughout all the land of Egypt, both in vessels of wood, and in vessels of stone.

²⁰And Moses and Aaron did so, as the Lord commanded; and he lifted up the rod, and smote the waters that were in the river, in the sight of Pharaoh, and in the sight of his servants; and all the waters that were in the river were turned to blood.

²¹And the fish that was in the river died; and the river stank, and the Egyptians could not drink of the water of the river; and there was blood throughout all the land of Egypt.

²²And the magicians of Egypt did so with their enchantments: and Pharaoh's heart was hardened, neither did he hearken unto them; as the Lord had said.

²³And Pharaoh turned and went into his house, neither did he set his heart to this also.

²⁴And all the Egyptians digged round about the river for water to drink; for they could not drink of the water of the river.

²⁵And seven days were fulfilled, after that the Lord had smitten the river.

8 And the Lord spake unto Moses, Go unto Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the Lord, Let my people go, that they may serve me.

²And if thou refuse to let them go, behold, I will smite all thy borders with frogs:

³And the river shall bring forth frogs abundantly, which shall go up and come into thine house, and into thy bedchamber, and upon thy bed, and into the house of thy servants, and upon thy people, and into thine ovens, and into thy kneadingtroughs:

⁴And the frogs shall come up both on thee, and upon thy people, and upon all thy servants.

⁵And the Lord spake unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Stretch forth thine hand with thy rod over the streams, over the rivers, and over the ponds, and cause frogs to come up upon the land of Egypt.

⁶And Aaron stretched out his hand over the waters of Egypt; and the frogs came up, and covered the land of Egypt.

⁷And the magicians did so with their enchantments, and brought up frogs upon the land of Egypt.

⁸Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron, and said, Intreat the Lord, that he may take away the frogs from me, and from my people; and I will let the people go, that they may do sacrifice unto the Lord.

⁹And Moses said unto Pharaoh, Glory over me: when shall I intreat for thee, and for thy servants, and for thy people, to destroy the frogs from thee and thy houses, that they may remain in the river only?

¹⁰And he said, To morrow. And he said, Be it according to thy word: that thou mayest know that there is none like unto the Lord our God.

¹¹And the frogs shall depart from thee, and from thy houses, and from thy servants, and from thy people; they shall remain in the river only.

¹²And Moses and Aaron went out from Pharaoh: and Moses cried unto the Lord because of the frogs which he had brought against Pharaoh.

¹³And the Lord did according to the word of Moses; and the frogs died out of the houses, out of the villages, and out of the fields.

¹⁴And they gathered them together upon heaps: and the land stank.

¹⁵But when Pharaoh saw that there was respite, he hardened his heart, and hearkened not unto them; as the Lord had said.

¹⁶And the Lord said unto Moses, Say unto Aaron, Stretch out thy rod, and smite the dust of the land, that it may become lice throughout all the land of Egypt.

¹⁷And they did so; for Aaron stretched out his hand with his rod, and smote the dust of the earth, and it became lice in man, and in beast; all the dust of the land became lice throughout all the land of Egypt.

¹⁸And the magicians did so with their enchantments to bring forth lice, but they could not: so there were lice upon man, and upon beast.

¹⁹Then the magicians said unto Pharaoh, This is the finger of God: and Pharaoh's heart was hardened, and he hearkened not unto them; as the Lord had said.

²⁰And the Lord said unto Moses, Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh; lo, he cometh forth to the water; and say unto him, Thus saith the Lord, Let my people go, that they may serve me.

²¹Else, if thou wilt not let my people go, behold, I will send swarms of flies upon thee, and upon thy servants, and upon thy people, and into thy houses: and the houses of the Egyptians shall be full of swarms of flies, and also the ground whereon they are.

²²And I will sever in that day the land of Goshen, in which my people dwell, that no swarms of flies shall be there; to the end thou mayest know that I am the Lord in the midst of the earth.

²³And I will put a division between my people and thy people: to morrow shall this sign be.

²⁴And the Lord did so; and there came a grievous swarm of flies into the house of Pharaoh, and into his servants' houses, and into all the land of Egypt: the land was corrupted by reason of the swarm of flies.

²⁵And Pharaoh called for Moses and for Aaron, and said, Go ye, sacrifice to your God in the land.

²⁶And Moses said, It is not meet so to do; for we shall sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians to the Lord our God: lo, shall we sacrifice the abomination of the Egyptians before their eyes, and will they not stone us?

²⁷We will go three days' journey into the wilderness, and sacrifice to the Lord our God, as he shall command us.

²⁸And Pharaoh said, I will let you go, that ye may sacrifice to the Lord your God in the wilderness; only ye shall not go very far away: intreat for me.

²⁹And Moses said, Behold, I go out from thee, and I will intreat the Lord that the swarms of flies may depart from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people, to morrow: but let not Pharaoh deal deceitfully any more in not letting the people go to sacrifice to the Lord.

³⁰And Moses went out from Pharaoh, and intreated the Lord.

³¹And the Lord did according to the word of Moses; and he removed the swarms of flies from Pharaoh, from his servants, and from his people; there remained not one.

³²And Pharaoh hardened his heart at this time also, neither would he let the people go.

9 Then the Lord said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh, and tell him, Thus saith the Lord God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me.

²For if thou refuse to let them go, and wilt hold them still,

³Behold, the hand of the Lord is upon thy cattle which is in the field, upon the horses, upon the asses, upon the camels, upon the oxen, and upon the sheep: there shall be a very grievous murrain.

⁴And the Lord shall sever between the cattle of Israel and the cattle of Egypt: and there shall nothing die of all that is the children's of Israel.

⁵And the Lord appointed a set time, saying, To morrow the Lord shall do this thing in the land.

⁶And the Lord did that thing on the morrow, and all the cattle of Egypt died: but of the cattle of the children of Israel died not one.

⁷And Pharaoh sent, and, behold, there was not one of the cattle of the Israelites dead. And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, and he did not let the people go.

⁸And the Lord said unto Moses and unto Aaron, Take to you handfuls of ashes of the furnace, and let Moses sprinkle it toward the heaven in the sight of Pharaoh.

⁹And it shall become small dust in all the land of Egypt, and shall be a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast, throughout all the land of Egypt.

¹⁰And they took ashes of the furnace, and stood before Pharaoh; and Moses sprinkled it up toward heaven; and it became a boil breaking forth with blains upon man, and upon beast.

¹¹And the magicians could not stand before Moses because of the boils; for the boil was upon the magicians, and upon all the Egyptians.

¹²And the Lord hardened the heart of Pharaoh, and he hearkened not unto them; as the Lord had spoken unto Moses.

¹³And the Lord said unto Moses, Rise up early in the morning, and stand before Pharaoh, and say unto him, Thus saith the Lord God of the Hebrews, Let my people go, that they may serve me.

¹⁴For I will at this time send all my plagues upon thine heart, and upon thy servants, and upon thy people; that thou mayest know that there is none like me in all the earth.

¹⁵For now I will stretch out my hand, that I may smite thee and thy people with pestilence; and thou shalt be cut off from the earth.

¹⁶And in very deed for this cause have I raised thee up, for to shew in thee my power; and that my name may be declared throughout all the earth.

¹⁷As yet exaltest thou thyself against my people, that thou wilt not let them go?

¹⁸Behold, to morrow about this time I will cause it to rain a very grievous hail, such as hath not been in Egypt since the foundation thereof even until now.

¹⁹Send therefore now, and gather thy cattle, and all that thou hast in the field; for upon every man and beast which shall be found in the field, and shall not be brought home, the hail shall come down upon them, and they shall die.

²⁰He that feared the word of the Lord among the servants of Pharaoh made his servants and his cattle flee into the houses:

²¹And he that regarded not the word of the Lord left his servants and his cattle in the field.

²²And the Lord said unto Moses, Stretch forth thine hand toward heaven, that there may be hail in all the land of Egypt, upon man, and upon beast, and upon every herb of the field, throughout the land of Egypt.

²³And Moses stretched forth his rod toward heaven: and the Lord sent thunder and hail, and the fire ran along upon the ground; and the Lord rained hail upon the land of Egypt.

²⁴So there was hail, and fire mingled with the hail, very grievous, such as there was none like it in all the land of Egypt since it became a nation.

²⁵And the hail smote throughout all the land of Egypt all that was in the field, both man and beast; and the hail smote every herb of the field, and brake every tree of the field.

²⁶Only in the land of Goshen, where the children of Israel were, was there no hail.

²⁷And Pharaoh sent, and called for Moses and Aaron, and said unto them, I have sinned this time: the Lord is righteous, and I and my people are wicked.

²⁸Intreat the Lord (for it is enough) that there be no more mighty thunderings and hail; and I will let you go, and ye shall stay no longer.

²⁹And Moses said unto him, As soon as I am gone out of the city, I will spread abroad my hands unto the Lord; and the thunder shall cease, neither shall there be any more hail; that thou mayest know how that the earth is the Lord's.

³⁰But as for thee and thy servants, I know that ye will not yet fear the Lord God.

³¹And the flax and the barley was smitten: for the barley was in the ear, and the flax was bolled.

³²But the wheat and the rie were not smitten: for they were not grown up.

³³And Moses went out of the city from Pharaoh, and spread abroad his hands unto the Lord: and the thunders and hail ceased, and the rain was not poured upon the earth.

³⁴And when Pharaoh saw that the rain and the hail and the thunders were ceased, he sinned yet more, and hardened his heart, he and his servants.

³⁵And the heart of Pharaoh was hardened, neither would he let the children of Israel go; as the Lord had spoken by Moses.

10 And the Lord said unto Moses, Go in unto Pharaoh: for I have hardened his heart, and the heart of his servants, that I might shew these my signs before him:

²And that thou mayest tell in the ears of thy son, and of thy son's son, what things I have wrought in Egypt, and my signs which I have done among them; that ye may know how that I am the Lord.

³And Moses and Aaron came in unto Pharaoh, and said unto him, Thus saith the Lord God of the Hebrews, How long wilt thou refuse to humble thyself before me? let my people go, that they may serve me.

⁴Else, if thou refuse to let my people go, behold, to morrow will I bring the locusts into thy coast:

⁵And they shall cover the face of the earth, that one cannot be able to see the earth: and they shall eat the residue of that which is escaped, which remaineth unto you from the hail, and shall eat every tree which groweth for you out of the field:

⁶And they shall fill thy houses, and the houses of all thy servants, and the houses of all the Egyptians; which neither thy fathers, nor thy fathers' fathers have seen, since the day that they were upon the earth unto this day. And he turned himself, and went out from Pharaoh.

⁷And Pharaoh's servants said unto him, How long shall this man be a snare unto us? let the men go, that they may serve the Lord their God: knowest thou not yet that Egypt is destroyed?

⁸And Moses and Aaron were brought again unto Pharaoh: and he said unto them, Go, serve the Lord your God: but who are they that shall go?

⁹And Moses said, We will go with our young and with our old, with our sons and with our daughters, with our flocks and with our herds will we go; for we must hold a feast unto the Lord.

¹⁰And he said unto them, Let the Lord be so with you, as I will let you go, and your little ones: look to it; for evil is before you.

¹¹Not so: go now ye that are men, and serve the Lord; for that ye did desire. And they were driven out from Pharaoh's presence.

¹²And the Lord said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand over the land of Egypt for the locusts, that they may come up upon the land of Egypt, and eat every herb of the land, even all that the hail hath left.

¹³And Moses stretched forth his rod over the land of Egypt, and the Lord brought an east wind upon the land all that day, and all that night; and when it was morning, the east wind brought the locusts.

¹⁴And the locust went up over all the land of Egypt, and rested in all the coasts of Egypt: very grievous were they; before them there were no such locusts as they, neither after them shall be such.

¹⁵For they covered the face of the whole earth, so that the land was darkened; and they did eat every herb of the land, and all the fruit of the trees which the hail had left: and there remained not any green thing in the trees, or in the herbs of the field, through all the land of Egypt.

¹⁶Then Pharaoh called for Moses and Aaron in haste; and he said, I have sinned against the Lord your God, and against you.

¹⁷Now therefore forgive, I pray thee, my sin only this once, and intreat the Lord your God, that he may take away from me this death only.

¹⁸And he went out from Pharaoh, and intreated the Lord.

¹⁹And the Lord turned a mighty strong west wind, which took away the locusts, and cast them into the Red sea; there remained not one locust in all the coasts of Egypt.

²⁰But the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go.

²¹And the Lord said unto Moses, Stretch out thine hand toward heaven, that there may be darkness over the land of Egypt, even darkness which may be felt.

²²And Moses stretched forth his hand toward heaven; and there was a thick darkness in all the land of Egypt three days:

²³They saw not one another, neither rose any from his place for three days: but all the children of Israel had light in their dwellings.

²⁴And Pharaoh called unto Moses, and said, Go ye, serve the Lord; only let your flocks and your herds be stayed: let your little ones also go with you.

²⁵And Moses said, Thou must give us also sacrifices and burnt offerings, that we may sacrifice unto the Lord our God.

²⁶Our cattle also shall go with us; there shall not an hoof be left behind; for thereof must we take to serve the Lord our God; and we know not with what we must serve the Lord, until we come thither.

²⁷But the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart, and he would not let them go.

²⁸And Pharaoh said unto him, Get thee from me, take heed to thyself, see my face no more; for in that day thou seest my face thou shalt die.

²⁹And Moses said, Thou hast spoken well, I will see thy face again no more.

11 And the Lord said unto Moses, Yet will I bring one plague more upon Pharaoh, and upon Egypt; afterwards he will let you go hence: when he shall let you go, he shall surely thrust you out hence altogether.

²Speak now in the ears of the people, and let every man borrow of his neighbour, and every woman of her neighbour, jewels of silver and jewels of gold.

³And the Lord gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians. Moreover the man Moses was very great in the land of Egypt, in the sight of Pharaoh's servants, and in the sight of the people.

⁴And Moses said, Thus saith the Lord, About midnight will I go out into the midst of Egypt:

⁵And all the firstborn in the land of Egypt shall die, from the first born of Pharaoh that sitteth upon his throne, even unto the firstborn of the maidservant that is behind the mill; and all the firstborn of beasts.

⁶And there shall be a great cry throughout all the land of Egypt, such as there was none like it, nor shall be like it any more.

⁷But against any of the children of Israel shall not a dog move his tongue, against man or beast: that ye may know how that the Lord doth put a difference between the Egyptians and Israel.

⁸And all these thy servants shall come down unto me, and bow down themselves unto me, saying, Get thee out, and all the people that follow thee: and after that I will go out. And he went out from Pharaoh in a great anger.

⁹And the Lord said unto Moses, Pharaoh shall not hearken unto you; that my wonders may be multiplied in the land of Egypt.

¹⁰And Moses and Aaron did all these wonders before Pharaoh: and the Lord hardened Pharaoh's heart, so that he would not let the children of Israel go out of his land.

12 And the Lord spake unto Moses and Aaron in the land of Egypt saying,

²This month shall be unto you the beginning of months: it shall be the first month of the year to you.

³Speak ye unto all the congregation of Israel, saying, In the tenth day of this month they shall take to them every man a lamb, according to the house of their fathers, a lamb for an house:

⁴And if the household be too little for the lamb, let him and his neighbour next unto his house take it according to the number of the souls; every man according to his eating shall make your count for the lamb.

⁵Your lamb shall be without blemish, a male of the first year: ye shall take it out from the sheep, or from the goats:

⁶And ye shall keep it up until the fourteenth day of the same month: and the whole assembly of the congregation of Israel shall kill it in the evening.

⁷And they shall take of the blood, and strike it on the two side posts and on the upper door post of the houses, wherein they shall eat it.

⁸And they shall eat the flesh in that night, roast with fire, and unleavened bread; and with bitter herbs they shall eat it.

⁹Eat not of it raw, nor sodden at all with water, but roast with fire; his head with his legs, and with the purtenance thereof.

¹⁰And ye shall let nothing of it remain until the morning; and that which remaineth of it until the morning ye shall burn with fire.

¹¹And thus shall ye eat it; with your loins girded, your shoes on your feet, and your staff in your hand; and ye shall eat it in haste: it is the Lord's passover.

¹²For I will pass through the land of Egypt this night, and will smite all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, both man and beast; and against all the gods of Egypt I will execute judgment: I am the Lord.

¹³And the blood shall be to you for a token upon the houses where ye are: and when I see the blood, I will pass over you, and the plague shall not be upon you to destroy you, when I smite the land of Egypt.

¹⁴And this day shall be unto you for a memorial; and ye shall keep it a feast to the Lord throughout your generations; ye shall keep it a feast by an ordinance for ever.

¹⁵Seven days shall ye eat unleavened bread; even the first day ye shall put away leaven out of your houses: for whosoever eateth leavened bread from the first day until the seventh day, that soul shall be cut off from Israel.

¹⁶And in the first day there shall be an holy convocation, and in the seventh day there shall be an holy convocation to you; no manner of work shall be done in them, save that which every man must eat, that only may be done of you.

¹⁷And ye shall observe the feast of unleavened bread; for in this selfsame day have I brought your armies out of the land of Egypt: therefore shall ye observe this day in your generations by an ordinance for ever.

¹⁸In the first month, on the fourteenth day of the month at even, ye shall eat unleavened bread, until the one and twentieth day of the month at even.

¹⁹Seven days shall there be no leaven found in your houses: for whosoever eateth that which is leavened, even that soul shall be cut off from the congregation of Israel, whether he be a stranger, or born in the land.

²⁰Ye shall eat nothing leavened; in all your habitations shall ye eat unleavened bread.

²¹Then Moses called for all the elders of Israel, and said unto them, Draw out and take you a lamb according to your families, and kill the passover.

²²And ye shall take a bunch of hyssop, and dip it in the blood that is in the bason, and strike the lintel and the two side posts with the blood that is in the bason; and none of you shall go out at the door of his house until the morning.

²³For the Lord will pass through to smite the Egyptians; and when he seeth the blood upon the lintel, and on the two side posts, the Lord will pass over the door, and will not suffer the destroyer to come in unto your houses to smite you.

²⁴And ye shall observe this thing for an ordinance to thee and to thy sons for ever.

²⁵And it shall come to pass, when ye be come to the land which the Lord will give you, according as he hath promised, that ye shall keep this service.

²⁶And it shall come to pass, when your children shall say unto you, What mean ye by this service?

²⁷That ye shall say, It is the sacrifice of the Lord's passover, who passed over the houses of the children of Israel in Egypt, when he smote the Egyptians, and delivered our houses. And the people bowed the head and worshipped.

²⁸And the children of Israel went away, and did as the Lord had commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.

²⁹And it came to pass, that at midnight the Lord smote all the firstborn in the land of Egypt, from the firstborn of Pharaoh that sat on his throne unto the firstborn of the captive that was in the dungeon; and all the firstborn of cattle.

³⁰And Pharaoh rose up in the night, he, and all his servants, and all the Egyptians; and there was a great cry in Egypt; for there was not a house where there was not one dead.

³¹And he called for Moses and Aaron by night, and said, Rise up, and get you forth from among my people, both ye and the children of Israel; and go, serve the Lord, as ye have said.

³²Also take your flocks and your herds, as ye have said, and be gone; and bless me also.

³³And the Egyptians were urgent upon the people, that they might send them out of the land in haste; for they said, We be all dead men.

³⁴And the people took their dough before it was leavened, their kneadingtroughs being bound up in their clothes upon their shoulders.

³⁵And the children of Israel did according to the word of Moses; and they borrowed of the Egyptians jewels of silver, and jewels of gold, and raiment:

³⁶And the Lord gave the people favour in the sight of the Egyptians, so that they lent unto them such things as they required. And they spoiled the Egyptians.

³⁷And the children of Israel journeyed from Rameses to Succoth, about six hundred thousand on foot that were men, beside children.

³⁸And a mixed multitude went up also with them; and flocks, and herds, even very much cattle.

³⁹And they baked unleavened cakes of the dough which they brought forth out of Egypt, for it was not leavened; because they were thrust out of Egypt, and could not tarry, neither had they prepared for themselves any victual.

⁴⁰Now the sojourning of the children of Israel, who dwelt in Egypt, was four hundred and thirty years.

⁴¹And it came to pass at the end of the four hundred and thirty years, even the selfsame day it came to pass, that all the hosts of the Lord went out from the land of Egypt.

⁴²It is a night to be much observed unto the Lord for bringing them out from the land of Egypt: this is that night of the Lord to be observed of all the children of Israel in their generations.

⁴³And the Lord said unto Moses and Aaron, This is the ordinance of the passover: There shall no stranger eat thereof:

⁴⁴But every man's servant that is bought for money, when thou hast circumcised him, then shall he eat thereof.

⁴⁵A foreigner and an hired servant shall not eat thereof.

⁴⁶In one house shall it be eaten; thou shalt not carry forth ought of the flesh abroad out of the house; neither shall ye break a bone thereof.

⁴⁷All the congregation of Israel shall keep it.

⁴⁸And when a stranger shall sojourn with thee, and will keep the passover to the Lord, let all his males be circumcised, and then let him come near and keep it; and he shall be as one that is born in the land: for no uncircumcised person shall eat thereof.

⁴⁹One law shall be to him that is homeborn, and unto the stranger that sojourneth among you.

⁵⁰Thus did all the children of Israel; as the Lord commanded Moses and Aaron, so did they.

⁵¹And it came to pass the selfsame day, that the Lord did bring the children of Israel out of the land of Egypt by their armies.

Holman Christian Standard Bible (HCSB)

New International Version (NIV)

Exodus 7-12

Holman Christian Standard Bible

The First Plague: Water Turned to Blood

The Second Plague: Frogs

The Third Plague: Gnats

The Fourth Plague: Swarms of Flies

The Fifth Plague: Death of Livestock

The Sixth Plague: Boils

The Seventh Plague: Hail

The Eighth Plague: Locusts

The Ninth Plague: Darkness

The Tenth Plague: Death of the Firstborn

Instructions for the Passover

The Exodus

Passover Instruction

Footnotes

Cross references

Exodus 7-12

New International Version

Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Snake

The Plague of Blood

The Plague of Frogs

The Plague of Gnats

The Plague of Flies

The Plague on Livestock

The Plague of Boils

The Plague of Hail

The Plague of Locusts

The Plague of Darkness

The Plague on the Firstborn

The Passover and the Festival of Unleavened Bread^(FH)

The Exodus

Passover Restrictions

Footnotes

Cross references

Exodus 7-12

King James Version

More on the NIV

Exodus 7-12 Holman Christian Standard Bible

The First Plague: Water Turned to Blood

The Second Plague: Frogs

The Third Plague: Gnats

The Fourth Plague: Swarms of Flies

The Fifth Plague: Death of Livestock

The Sixth Plague: Boils

The Seventh Plague: Hail

The Eighth Plague: Locusts

The Ninth Plague: Darkness

The Tenth Plague: Death of the Firstborn

Instructions for the Passover

The Exodus

Passover Instruction

Footnotes

Cross references

Exodus 7-12 New International Version

Aaron’s Staff Becomes a Snake

The Plague of Blood

The Plague of Frogs

The Plague of Gnats

The Plague of Flies

The Plague on Livestock

The Plague of Boils

The Plague of Hail

The Plague of Locusts

The Plague of Darkness

The Plague on the Firstborn

The Passover and the Festival of Unleavened Bread(FH)

The Exodus

Passover Restrictions

Footnotes

Cross references

Exodus 7-12 King James Version

More on the NIV

Exodus 7-12

Holman Christian Standard Bible

Exodus 7-12

New International Version

The Passover and the Festival of Unleavened Bread^(FH)

Exodus 7-12

King James Version