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Dyma yn awr enwau meibion Israel, y rhai a ddaethant i’r Aifft: gyda Jacob y daethant, bob un a’i deulu. Reuben, Simeon, Lefi, a Jwda, Issachar, Sabulon, a Benjamin, Dan, a Nafftali, Gad, ac Aser. A’r holl eneidiau a ddaethant allan o gorff Jacob oedd ddeng enaid a thrigain: a Joseff oedd yn yr Aifft. A Joseff a fu farw, a’i holl frodyr, a’r holl genhedlaeth honno.

A phlant Israel a hiliasant ac a gynyddasant, amlhasant hefyd, a chryfhasant yn ddirfawr odiaeth; a’r wlad a lanwyd ohonynt. Yna y cyfododd brenin newydd yn yr Aifft, yr hwn nid adnabuasai mo Joseff. Ac efe a ddywedodd wrth ei bobl, Wele bobl plant Israel yn amlach, ac yn gryfach, na nyni. 10 Deuwch, gwnawn yn gall â hwynt; rhag amlhau ohonynt, a bod, pan ddigwyddo rhyfel, ymgysylltu ohonynt â’n caseion, a rhyfela i’n herbyn, a myned i fyny o’r wlad. 11 Am hynny y gosodasant arnynt feistriaid gwaith, i’w gorthrymu â’u beichiau; a hwy a adeiladasant i Pharo ddinasoedd trysorau, sef Pithom a Raamses. 12 Ond fel y gorthryment hwynt, felly yr amlhaent, ac y cynyddent: a drwg oedd ganddynt oherwydd plant Israel. 13 A’r Eifftiaid a wnaeth i blant Israel wasanaethu yn galed. 14 A gwnaethant eu heinioes hwynt yn chwerw trwy’r gwasanaeth caled, mewn clai, ac mewn priddfaen, ac ym mhob gwasanaeth yn y maes; a’u holl wasanaeth y gwnaent iddynt wasanaethu ynddo oedd galed. 15 A brenin yr Aifft a lefarodd wrth fydwragedd yr Hebreësau; a ba rai enw un oedd Sipra, ac enw yr ail Pua: 16 Ac efe a ddywedodd, Pan fyddoch fydwragedd i’r Hebreësau, a gweled ohonoch hwynt yn esgor; os mab fydd, lleddwch ef; ond os merch, bydded fyw. 17 Er hynny y bydwragedd a ofnasant Dduw, ac ni wnaethant yn ôl yr hyn a ddywedasai brenin yr Aifft wrthynt; eithr cadwasant y bechgyn yn fyw. 18 Am hynny brenin yr Aifft a alwodd am y bydwragedd, ac a ddywedodd wrthynt, Paham y gwnaethoch y peth hyn, ac y cadwasoch y bechgyn yn fyw? 19 A’r bydwragedd a ddywedasant wrth Pharo, Am nad yw yr Hebreësau fel yr Eifftesau; oblegid y maent hwy yn fywiog ac yn esgor cyn dyfod bydwraig atynt. 20 Am hynny y bu Duw dda wrth y bydwragedd: a’r bobl a amlhaodd, ac a aeth yn gryf iawn. 21 Ac oherwydd i’r bydwragedd ofni Duw, yntau a wnaeth dai iddynt hwythau. 22 A Pharo a orchmynnodd i’w holl bobl, gan ddywedyd, Pob mab a’r a enir, bwriwch ef i’r afon; ond cedwch yn fyw bob merch.

The Israelites Oppressed

These are the names of the sons of Israel(A) who went to Egypt with Jacob, each with his family: Reuben, Simeon, Levi and Judah; Issachar, Zebulun and Benjamin; Dan and Naphtali; Gad and Asher.(B) The descendants of Jacob numbered seventy[a] in all;(C) Joseph was already in Egypt.

Now Joseph and all his brothers and all that generation died,(D) but the Israelites were exceedingly fruitful; they multiplied greatly, increased in numbers(E) and became so numerous that the land was filled with them.

Then a new king, to whom Joseph meant nothing, came to power in Egypt.(F) “Look,” he said to his people, “the Israelites have become far too numerous(G) for us.(H) 10 Come, we must deal shrewdly(I) with them or they will become even more numerous and, if war breaks out, will join our enemies, fight against us and leave the country.”(J)

11 So they put slave masters(K) over them to oppress them with forced labor,(L) and they built Pithom and Rameses(M) as store cities(N) for Pharaoh. 12 But the more they were oppressed, the more they multiplied and spread; so the Egyptians came to dread the Israelites 13 and worked them ruthlessly.(O) 14 They made their lives bitter with harsh labor(P) in brick(Q) and mortar and with all kinds of work in the fields; in all their harsh labor the Egyptians worked them ruthlessly.(R)

15 The king of Egypt said to the Hebrew midwives,(S) whose names were Shiphrah and Puah, 16 “When you are helping the Hebrew women during childbirth on the delivery stool, if you see that the baby is a boy, kill him; but if it is a girl, let her live.”(T) 17 The midwives, however, feared(U) God and did not do what the king of Egypt had told them to do;(V) they let the boys live. 18 Then the king of Egypt summoned the midwives and asked them, “Why have you done this? Why have you let the boys live?”

19 The midwives answered Pharaoh, “Hebrew women are not like Egyptian women; they are vigorous and give birth before the midwives arrive.”(W)

20 So God was kind to the midwives(X) and the people increased and became even more numerous. 21 And because the midwives feared(Y) God, he gave them families(Z) of their own.

22 Then Pharaoh gave this order to all his people: “Every Hebrew boy that is born you must throw into the Nile,(AA) but let every girl live.”(AB)

Footnotes

  1. Exodus 1:5 Masoretic Text (see also Gen. 46:27); Dead Sea Scrolls and Septuagint (see also Acts 7:14 and note at Gen. 46:27) seventy-five