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But this is how you must deal with them:(A) Tear down their altars, smash their sacred pillars, chop down their asherahs,[a] and destroy their idols by fire.

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Footnotes

  1. 7:5 Sacred pillars…asherahs: cut or uncut stones and wooden poles or trees (cf. 16:21) that had some cultic function. Fairly common religious artifacts, their association with the non-Israelite cults of Canaan and perhaps with Canaanite gods and goddesses, specifically the goddess Asherah, led to their condemnation in the Deuteronomic reform and possibly earlier.

This is what you are to do to them: Break down their altars, smash their sacred stones, cut down their Asherah poles[a](A) and burn their idols in the fire.(B)

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Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 7:5 That is, wooden symbols of the goddess Asherah; here and elsewhere in Deuteronomy

24 He will deliver their kings into your power, that you may make their names perish from under the heavens. No one will be able to stand up against you,(A) till you have destroyed them. 25 (B)The images of their gods you shall destroy by fire. Do not covet the silver or gold on them, nor take it for yourselves, lest you be ensnared by it; for it is an abomination to the Lord, your God.(C)

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24 He will give their kings(A) into your hand,(B) and you will wipe out their names from under heaven. No one will be able to stand up against you;(C) you will destroy them.(D) 25 The images of their gods you are to burn(E) in the fire. Do not covet(F) the silver and gold on them, and do not take it for yourselves, or you will be ensnared(G) by it, for it is detestable(H) to the Lord your God.

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23 My angel will go before you and bring you to the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hivites and Jebusites; and I will wipe them out. 24 Therefore, you shall not bow down to their gods and serve them, nor shall you act as they do; rather, you must demolish them and smash their sacred stones.[a](A)

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Footnotes

  1. 23:24 Sacred stones: objects that symbolized the presence of Canaanite deities. In general, standing stones served as memorials for deities, persons, or significant events such as military victories or covenant-making. See 24:4.

23 My angel will go ahead of you and bring you into the land of the Amorites, Hittites, Perizzites, Canaanites, Hivites and Jebusites,(A) and I will wipe them out. 24 Do not bow down before their gods or worship(B) them or follow their practices.(C) You must demolish(D) them and break their sacred stones(E) to pieces.

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11 As for you, observe what I am commanding you today.(A)

See, I am about to drive out before you the Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites. 12 (B)Take care not to make a covenant with the inhabitants of the land that you are to enter; lest they become a snare among you. 13 Tear down their altars; smash their sacred stones, and cut down their asherahs.[a] 14 You shall not bow down to any other god, for the Lord—“Jealous”[b] his name—is a jealous God.

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Footnotes

  1. 34:13 Asherah was the name of a Canaanite goddess. In her honor wooden poles (asherot) were erected, just as stone pillars (massebot) were erected in honor of the god Baal. Both were placed near the altar in a Canaanite shrine.
  2. 34:14 Jealous: see note on 20:5. Some, by a slight emendation, render, “The Lord is jealous for his name.” Cf. Ez 39:25.

11 Obey what I command(A) you today. I will drive out before you the Amorites, Canaanites, Hittites, Perizzites, Hivites and Jebusites.(B) 12 Be careful not to make a treaty(C) with those who live in the land where you are going, or they will be a snare(D) among you. 13 Break down their altars, smash their sacred stones and cut down their Asherah poles.[a](E) 14 Do not worship any other god,(F) for the Lord, whose name(G) is Jealous, is a jealous God.(H)

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Footnotes

  1. Exodus 34:13 That is, wooden symbols of the goddess Asherah

51 Speak to the Israelites and say to them: When you go across the Jordan into the land of Canaan, 52 dispossess all the inhabitants of the land before you; destroy all their stone figures, destroy all their molten images, and demolish all their high places.(A)

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51 “Speak to the Israelites and say to them: ‘When you cross the Jordan into Canaan,(A) 52 drive out all the inhabitants of the land before you. Destroy all their carved images and their cast idols, and demolish all their high places.(B)

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When he restored the eleven hundred pieces of silver to his mother, she said, “I consecrate the silver to the Lord from my own hand on behalf of my son to make an idol overlaid with silver.”[a](A) So when he restored the silver to his mother, she took two hundred pieces and gave them to the silversmith, who made of them an idol overlaid with silver. So it remained in the house of Micah. The man Micah had a shrine, and he made an ephod and teraphim,[b](B) and installed one of his sons, who became his priest.(C)

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Footnotes

  1. 17:3 An idol overlaid with silver: two nouns in Hebrew, one indicating a wooden image and the other denoting an image cast from metal. The probable interpretation is that the woman intends for her silver to be recast as a covering for an image of a god, possibly the Lord. This was forbidden in Mosaic law (cf. Ex 20:4 and Dt 5:8).
  2. 17:5 An ephod and teraphim: cultic paraphernalia. An ephod was a priestly garment, especially that worn by the high priest (cf. Ex 28 and 39), which contained a pocket for objects used for divination. Teraphim were household idols (Gn 31:19, 34–35; 1 Sm 19:13), which may also have had a divinatory function.

When he returned the eleven hundred shekels of silver to his mother, she said, “I solemnly consecrate my silver to the Lord for my son to make an image overlaid with silver.(A) I will give it back to you.”

So after he returned the silver to his mother, she took two hundred shekels[a] of silver and gave them to a silversmith, who used them to make the idol.(B) And it was put in Micah’s house.

Now this man Micah had a shrine,(C) and he made an ephod(D) and some household gods(E) and installed(F) one of his sons as his priest.(G)

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Footnotes

  1. Judges 17:4 That is, about 5 pounds or about 2.3 kilograms

28 (A)The king took counsel, made two calves of gold, and said to the people: “You have been going up to Jerusalem long enough. Here are your gods, O Israel, who brought you up from the land of Egypt.” 29 (B)And he put one in Bethel, the other in Dan.[a] 30 This led to sin, because the people frequented these calves in Bethel and in Dan.

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Footnotes

  1. 12:29 Bethel…Dan: at the southern and northern boundaries of the separate kingdom of Israel, where sanctuaries had existed in the past (Gn 12:8; 13:3–4; 28:10–22; 35:1–15; Jgs 18:1–31).

28 After seeking advice, the king made two golden calves.(A) He said to the people, “It is too much for you to go up to Jerusalem. Here are your gods, Israel, who brought you up out of Egypt.”(B) 29 One he set up in Bethel,(C) and the other in Dan.(D) 30 And this thing became a sin;(E) the people came to worship the one at Bethel and went as far as Dan to worship the other.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 1 Kings 12:30 Probable reading of the original Hebrew text; Masoretic Text people went to the one as far as Dan

22 Judah did evil in the Lord’s sight and they angered him even more than their ancestors had done. 23 They, too, built for themselves high places, sacred pillars, and asherahs,[a] upon every high hill and under every green tree. 24 There were also pagan priests in the land. Judah imitated all the abominable practices of the nations whom the Lord had driven out of the Israelites’ way.

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Footnotes

  1. 14:23 Asherahs: see note on Ex 34:13.

22 Judah(A) did evil in the eyes of the Lord. By the sins they committed they stirred up his jealous anger(B) more than those who were before them had done. 23 They also set up for themselves high places, sacred stones(C) and Asherah poles(D) on every high hill and under every spreading tree.(E) 24 There were even male shrine prostitutes(F) in the land; the people engaged in all the detestable(G) practices of the nations the Lord had driven out before the Israelites.

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Further, he sacrificed and burned incense on the high places, on hills, and under every green tree.(A)

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He offered sacrifices and burned incense(A) at the high places, on the hilltops and under every spreading tree.(B)

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This came about because the Israelites sinned against the Lord, their God, who had brought them up from the land of Egypt, from under the hand of Pharaoh, king of Egypt. They venerated other gods, (A)they followed the rites of the nations whom the Lord had dispossessed before the Israelites and those that the kings of Israel had practiced. They adopted unlawful practices toward the Lord, their God. They built high places in all their cities, from guard post to garrisoned town. 10 They set up pillars and asherahs[a] for themselves on every high hill and under every green tree. 11 They burned incense there, on all the high places, like the nations whom the Lord had sent into exile at their coming. They did evil things that provoked the Lord, 12 and served idols, although the Lord had told them: You must not do this.

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Footnotes

  1. 17:10 Asherahs: see note on Ex 34:13.

Israel Exiled Because of Sin

All this took place because the Israelites had sinned(A) against the Lord their God, who had brought them up out of Egypt(B) from under the power of Pharaoh king of Egypt. They worshiped other gods and followed the practices of the nations(C) the Lord had driven out before them, as well as the practices that the kings of Israel had introduced. The Israelites secretly did things against the Lord their God that were not right. From watchtower to fortified city(D) they built themselves high places in all their towns. 10 They set up sacred stones(E) and Asherah poles(F) on every high hill and under every spreading tree.(G) 11 At every high place they burned incense, as the nations whom the Lord had driven out before them had done. They did wicked things that aroused the Lord’s anger. 12 They worshiped idols,(H) though the Lord had said, “You shall not do this.”[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 2 Kings 17:12 Exodus 20:4,5

20 Long ago you broke your yoke,(A)
    you tore off your bonds.
    You said, “I will not serve.”
On every high hill, under every green tree,
    you sprawled and served as a prostitute.[a]

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Footnotes

  1. 2:20 Served as a prostitute: idolatry (because Israel is the “bride” of God); cf. vv. 2–3.

20 “Long ago you broke off your yoke(A)
    and tore off your bonds;(B)
    you said, ‘I will not serve you!’(C)
Indeed, on every high hill(D)
    and under every spreading tree(E)
    you lay down as a prostitute.(F)

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Judah and Israel. The Lord said to me in the days of King Josiah: Do you see what rebellious Israel has done? She has gone up every high mountain, and under every green tree she has played the prostitute.(A) And I thought: After she has done all this, she will return to me. But she did not return. Then, even though that traitor her sister Judah, saw that, in response to all the adulteries rebel Israel had committed, I sent her away and gave her a bill of divorce, nevertheless Judah, the traitor, her sister, was not frightened; she too went off and played the prostitute.(B) With her casual prostitution, she polluted the land, committing adultery with stone and wood.(C) 10 In spite of all this, Judah, the traitor, her sister, did not return to me wholeheartedly, but insincerely—oracle of the Lord.

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Unfaithful Israel

During the reign of King Josiah,(A) the Lord said to me, “Have you seen what faithless(B) Israel has done? She has gone up on every high hill and under every spreading tree(C) and has committed adultery(D) there. I thought that after she had done all this she would return to me but she did not, and her unfaithful sister(E) Judah saw it.(F) I gave faithless Israel(G) her certificate of divorce(H) and sent her away because of all her adulteries. Yet I saw that her unfaithful sister Judah had no fear;(I) she also went out and committed adultery. Because Israel’s immorality mattered so little to her, she defiled the land(J) and committed adultery(K) with stone(L) and wood.(M) 10 In spite of all this, her unfaithful sister Judah did not return(N) to me with all her heart, but only in pretense,(O)” declares the Lord.(P)

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12 My people consult their piece of wood,[a]
    and their wand makes pronouncements for them,
For the spirit of prostitution has led them astray;
    they prostitute themselves, forsaking their God.
13 On the mountaintops they offer sacrifice
    and on the hills they burn incense,
Beneath oak and poplar and terebinth,
    because of their pleasant shade.[b]
Therefore your daughters prostitute themselves,
    and your daughters-in-law commit adultery.

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Footnotes

  1. 4:12 Piece of wood: a derogatory term for an idol. Wand: a sacred wooden object, perhaps some kind of staff, used for divination.
  2. 4:13 The shrines on the “high places” typically had an altar, a grove of trees, and a stone pillar representing a god (Dt 12:2; Jer 2:20).

12 My people consult a wooden idol,(A)
    and a diviner’s rod speaks to them.(B)
A spirit of prostitution(C) leads them astray;(D)
    they are unfaithful(E) to their God.
13 They sacrifice on the mountaintops
    and burn offerings on the hills,
under oak,(F) poplar and terebinth,
    where the shade is pleasant.(G)
Therefore your daughters turn to prostitution(H)
    and your daughters-in-law to adultery.(I)

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