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Dyma y geiriau a ddywedodd Moses wrth holl Israel, o’r tu yma i’r Iorddonen, yn yr anialwch, ar y rhos gyferbyn â’r môr coch, rhwng Paran, a Toffel, a Laban, a Haseroth, a Disahab. (Taith un diwrnod ar ddeg sydd o Horeb, ffordd yr eir i fynydd Seir, hyd Cades‐Barnea.) A bu yn y ddeugeinfed flwyddyn, yn yr unfed mis ar ddeg, ar y dydd cyntaf o’r mis, i Moses lefaru wrth feibion Israel, yn ôl yr hyn oll a orchmynasai yr Arglwydd iddo ei ddywedyd wrthynt; Wedi iddo ladd Sehon brenin yr Amoriaid, yr hwn oedd yn trigo yn Hesbon, ac Og brenin Basan, yr hwn oedd yn trigo yn Astaroth, o fewn Edrei; O’r tu yma i’r Iorddonen, yng ngwlad Moab, y dechreuodd Moses egluro’r gyfraith hon, gan ddywedyd. Yr Arglwydd ein Duw a lefarodd wrthym ni yn Horeb, gan ddywedyd, Digon i chwi drigo hyd yn hyn yn y mynydd hwn: Dychwelwch, a chychwynnwch rhagoch ac ewch i fynydd yr Amoriaid, ac i’w holl gyfagos leoedd; i’r rhos, i’r mynydd, ac i’r dyffryn, ac i’r deau, ac i borthladd y môr, i dir y Canaaneaid, ac i Libanus, hyd yr afon fawr, afon Ewffrates. Wele, rhoddais y wlad o’ch blaen chwi: ewch i mewn, a pherchenogwch y wlad yr hon a dyngodd yr Arglwydd i’ch tadau chwi, i Abraham, i Isaac, ac i Jacob, ar ei rhoddi iddynt, ac i’w had ar eu hôl hwynt.

A mi a leferais wrthych yr amser hwnnw, gan ddywedyd, Ni allaf fi fy hun eich cynnal chwi: 10 Yr Arglwydd eich Duw a’ch lluosogodd chwi; ac wele chwi heddiw fel sêr y nefoedd o luosowgrwydd. 11 ( Arglwydd Dduw eich tadau a’ch cynyddo yn fil lluosocach nag ydych, ac a’ch bendithio, fel y llefarodd efe wrthych!) 12 Pa wedd y dygwn fy hun eich blinder, a’ch baich, a’ch ymryson chwi? 13 Moeswch i chwi wŷr doethion, a deallus, a rhai hynod trwy eich llwythau; fel y gosodwyf hwynt yn bennau arnoch chwi. 14 Ac atebasoch fi, a dywedasoch, Da yw gwneuthur y peth a ddywedaist. 15 Cymerais gan hynny bennau eich llwythau chwi, sef gwŷr doethion, a rhai hynod, ac a’u gwneuthum hwynt yn bennau arnoch; sef yn gapteiniaid ar filoedd, ac yn gapteiniaid ar gannoedd, ac yn gapteiniaid ar ddegau a deugain, ac yn gapteiniaid ar ddegau, ac yn swyddogion yn eich llwythau chwi. 16 A’r amser hwnnw y gorchmynnais i’ch barnwyr chwi, gan ddywedyd, Gwrandewch ddadleuon rhwng eich brodyr a bernwch yn gyfiawn rhwng gŵr a’i frawd, ac a’r dieithr sydd gydag ef. 17 Na chydnabyddwch wynebau mewn barn; gwrandewch ar y lleiaf, yn gystal ag ar y mwyaf: nac ofnwch wyneb gŵr; oblegid y farn sydd eiddo Duw: a’r peth a fydd rhy galed i chwi, a ddygwch ataf fi, a mi a’i gwrandawaf. 18 Gorchmynnais i chwi hefyd yr amser hwnnw yr holl bethau a ddylech eu gwneuthur.

19 A phan fudasom o Horeb, ni a gerddasom trwy’r holl anialwch mawr ac ofnadwy hwnnw, yr hwn a welsoch ffordd yr eir i fynydd yr Amoriaid, fel y gorchmynasai yr Arglwydd ein Duw i ni: ac a ddaethom i Cades‐Barnea. 20 A dywedais wrthych, Daethoch hyd fynydd yr Amoriaid, yr hwn y mae yr Arglwydd ein Duw yn ei roddi i ni. 21 Wele, yr Arglwydd dy Dduw a roddes y wlad o’th flaen: dos i fyny a pherchenoga hi, fel y llefarodd Arglwydd Dduw dy dadau wrthynt; nac ofna, ac na lwfrha.

22 A chwi oll a ddaethoch ataf, ac a ddywedasoch, Anfonwn wŷr o’n blaen, a hwy a chwiliant y wlad i ni, ac a fynegant beth i ni am y ffordd yr awn i fyny ar hyd‐ddi, ac am y dinasoedd y deuwn i mewn iddynt. 23 A’r peth oedd dda yn fy ngolwg: ac mi a gymerais ddeuddengwr ohonoch, un gŵr o bob llwyth. 24 A hwy a droesant, ac a aethant i fyny i’r mynydd, ac a ddaethant hyd ddyffryn Escol, ac a’i chwiliasant ef. 25 Ac a gymerasant o ffrwyth y tir yn eu llaw, ac a’i dygasant i waered atom ni, ac a ddygasant air i ni drachefn, ac a ddywedasant, Da yw y wlad y mae yr Arglwydd ein Duw yn ei rhoddi i ni. 26 Er hynny ni fynnech fyned i fyny ond gwrthryfelasoch yn erbyn gair y Arglwydd eich Duw. 27 Grwgnachasoch hefyd yn eich pebyll a dywedasoch, Am gasáu o’r Arglwydd nyni, y dug efe ni allan o dir yr Aifft i’n rhoddi yn llaw yr Amoriaid, i’n difetha. 28 I ba le yr awn i fyny? ein brodyr a’n digalonasant ni, gan ddywedyd, Pobl fwy a hwy na nyni ydynt; dinasoedd mawrion a chaerog hyd y nefoedd: meibion yr Anaciaid hefyd a welsom ni yno. 29 Yna y dywedais wrthych, Nac arswydwch, ac nac ofnwch rhagddynt hwy. 30 Yr Arglwydd eich Duw, yr hwn sydd yn myned o’ch blaen, efe a ymladd drosoch, yn ôl yr hyn oll a wnaeth efe eroch chwi yn yr Aifft o flaen eich llygaid; 31 Ac yn yr anialwch, lle y gwelaist fel y’th ddug yr Arglwydd dy Dduw, fel y dwg gŵr ei fab, yn yr holl ffordd a gerddasoch, nes eich dyfod i’r man yma. 32 Eto yn y peth hyn ni chredasoch chwi yn yr Arglwydd eich Duw, 33 Yr hwn oedd yn myned o’ch blaen chwi ar hyd y ffordd, i chwilio i chwi am le i wersyllu; y nos mewn tân, i ddangos i chwi pa ffordd yr aech, a’r dydd mewn cwmwl. 34 A chlybu yr Arglwydd lais eich geiriau; ac a ddigiodd, ac a dyngodd, gan ddywedyd, 35 Diau na chaiff yr un o’r dynion hyn, o’r genhedlaeth ddrwg hon, weled y wlad dda yr hon y tyngais ar ei rhoddi i’ch tadau chwi; 36 Oddieithr Caleb mab Jeffunne: efe a’i gwêl hi, ac iddo ef y rhoddaf y wlad y sangodd efe arni, ac i’w feibion; o achos cyflawni ohono wneuthur ar ôl yr Arglwydd. 37 Wrthyf finnau hefyd y digiodd yr Arglwydd o’ch plegid chwi, gan ddywedyd Tithau hefyd ni chei fyned i mewn yno. 38 Josua mab Nun, yr hwn sydd yn sefyll ger dy fron di, efe a â i mewn yno: cadarnha di ef; canys efe a’i rhan hi yn etifeddiaeth i Israel. 39 Eich plant hefyd, y rhai y dywedasoch y byddent yn ysbail, a’ch meibion chwi, y rhai ni wyddant heddiw na da na drwg, hwynt‐hwy a ânt i mewn yno, ac iddynt hwy y rhoddaf hi, a hwy a’i perchenogant hi. 40 Trowch chwithau, ac ewch i’r anialwch ar hyd ffordd y môr coch. 41 Yna yr atebasoch, ac a ddywedasoch wrthyf, Pechasom yn erbyn yr Arglwydd: nyni a awn i fyny ac a ymladdwn, yn ôl yr hyn oll a orchmynnodd yr Arglwydd ein Duw i ni. A gwisgasoch bob un ei arfau rhyfel, ac a ymroesoch i fyned i fyny i’r mynydd. 42 A dywedodd yr Arglwydd wrthyf, Dywed wrthynt, Nac ewch i fyny, ac na ryfelwch; oblegid nid ydwyf fi yn eich mysg chwi; rhag eich taro o flaen eich gelynion 43 Felly y dywedais wrthych; ond ni wrandawsoch, eithr gwrthryfelasoch yn erbyn gair yr Arglwydd; rhyfygasoch hefyd, ac aethoch i fyny i’r mynydd. 44 A daeth allan yr Amoriaid, oedd yn trigo yn y mynydd hwnnw, i’ch cyfarfod chwi; ac a’ch ymlidiasant fel y gwnâi gwenyn, ac a’ch difethasant chwi yn Seir, hyd Horma. 45 A dychwelasoch, ac wylasoch gerbron yr Arglwydd: ond ni wrandawodd yr Arglwydd ar eich llef, ac ni roddes glust i chwi. 46 Ac arosasoch yn Cades ddyddiau lawer, megis y dyddiau yr arosasoch o’r blaen.

The Command to Leave Horeb

These are the words Moses spoke to all Israel in the wilderness east of the Jordan(A)—that is, in the Arabah(B)—opposite Suph, between Paran(C) and Tophel, Laban, Hazeroth and Dizahab. (It takes eleven days to go from Horeb(D) to Kadesh Barnea(E) by the Mount Seir(F) road.)(G)

In the fortieth year,(H) on the first day of the eleventh month,(I) Moses proclaimed(J) to the Israelites all that the Lord had commanded him concerning them. This was after he had defeated Sihon(K) king of the Amorites,(L) who reigned in Heshbon,(M) and at Edrei had defeated Og(N) king of Bashan, who reigned in Ashtaroth.(O)

East of the Jordan in the territory of Moab,(P) Moses began to expound this law, saying:

The Lord our God said to us(Q) at Horeb,(R) “You have stayed long enough(S) at this mountain. Break camp and advance into the hill country of the Amorites;(T) go to all the neighboring peoples in the Arabah,(U) in the mountains, in the western foothills, in the Negev(V) and along the coast, to the land of the Canaanites(W) and to Lebanon,(X) as far as the great river, the Euphrates.(Y) See, I have given you this land(Z).(AA) Go in and take possession of the land the Lord swore(AB) he would give to your fathers—to Abraham, Isaac and Jacob—and to their descendants after them.”

The Appointment of Leaders

At that time I said to you, “You are too heavy a burden(AC) for me to carry alone.(AD) 10 The Lord your God has increased(AE) your numbers(AF) so that today you are as numerous(AG) as the stars in the sky.(AH) 11 May the Lord, the God of your ancestors, increase(AI) you a thousand times and bless you as he has promised!(AJ) 12 But how can I bear your problems and your burdens and your disputes all by myself?(AK) 13 Choose some wise, understanding and respected men(AL) from each of your tribes, and I will set them over you.”

14 You answered me, “What you propose to do is good.”

15 So I took(AM) the leading men of your tribes,(AN) wise and respected men,(AO) and appointed them to have authority over you—as commanders(AP) of thousands, of hundreds, of fifties and of tens and as tribal officials.(AQ) 16 And I charged your judges at that time, “Hear the disputes between your people and judge(AR) fairly,(AS) whether the case is between two Israelites or between an Israelite and a foreigner residing among you.(AT) 17 Do not show partiality(AU) in judging; hear both small and great alike. Do not be afraid of anyone,(AV) for judgment belongs to God. Bring me any case too hard for you, and I will hear it.”(AW) 18 And at that time I told you everything you were to do.(AX)

Spies Sent Out

19 Then, as the Lord our God commanded us, we set out from Horeb and went toward the hill country of the Amorites(AY) through all that vast and dreadful wilderness(AZ) that you have seen, and so we reached Kadesh Barnea.(BA) 20 Then I said to you, “You have reached the hill country of the Amorites, which the Lord our God is giving us. 21 See, the Lord your God has given you the land. Go up and take possession(BB) of it as the Lord, the God of your ancestors, told you. Do not be afraid;(BC) do not be discouraged.”(BD)

22 Then all of you came to me and said, “Let us send men ahead to spy(BE) out the land(BF) for us and bring back a report about the route we are to take and the towns we will come to.”

23 The idea seemed good to me; so I selected(BG) twelve of you, one man from each tribe. 24 They left and went up into the hill country, and came to the Valley of Eshkol(BH) and explored it. 25 Taking with them some of the fruit of the land, they brought it down to us and reported,(BI) “It is a good land(BJ) that the Lord our God is giving us.”(BK)

Rebellion Against the Lord

26 But you were unwilling to go up;(BL) you rebelled(BM) against the command of the Lord your God. 27 You grumbled(BN) in your tents and said, “The Lord hates us; so he brought us out of Egypt to deliver us into the hands of the Amorites to destroy us. 28 Where can we go? Our brothers have made our hearts melt in fear. They say, ‘The people are stronger and taller(BO) than we are; the cities are large, with walls up to the sky. We even saw the Anakites(BP) there.’”

29 Then I said to you, “Do not be terrified; do not be afraid(BQ) of them.(BR) 30 The Lord your God, who is going before you, will fight(BS) for you, as he did for you in Egypt, before your very eyes, 31 and in the wilderness. There you saw how the Lord your God carried(BT) you, as a father carries his son, all the way you went until you reached this place.”(BU)

32 In spite of this,(BV) you did not trust(BW) in the Lord your God, 33 who went ahead of you on your journey, in fire by night and in a cloud by day,(BX) to search(BY) out places for you to camp and to show you the way you should go.

34 When the Lord heard(BZ) what you said, he was angry(CA) and solemnly swore:(CB) 35 “No one from this evil generation shall see the good land(CC) I swore to give your ancestors, 36 except Caleb(CD) son of Jephunneh. He will see it, and I will give him and his descendants the land he set his feet on, because he followed the Lord wholeheartedly.(CE)

37 Because of you the Lord became angry(CF) with me also and said, “You shall not enter(CG) it, either. 38 But your assistant, Joshua(CH) son of Nun, will enter it. Encourage(CI) him, because he will lead(CJ) Israel to inherit(CK) it. 39 And the little ones that you said would be taken captive,(CL) your children who do not yet know(CM) good from bad—they will enter the land. I will give it to them and they will take possession of it. 40 But as for you, turn around and set out toward the desert along the route to the Red Sea.[a](CN)

41 Then you replied, “We have sinned against the Lord. We will go up and fight, as the Lord our God commanded us.” So every one of you put on his weapons, thinking it easy to go up into the hill country.

42 But the Lord said to me, “Tell them, ‘Do not go up and fight, because I will not be with you. You will be defeated by your enemies.’”(CO)

43 So I told you, but you would not listen. You rebelled against the Lord’s command and in your arrogance you marched up into the hill country. 44 The Amorites who lived in those hills came out against you; they chased you like a swarm of bees(CP) and beat you down from Seir(CQ) all the way to Hormah.(CR) 45 You came back and wept before the Lord,(CS) but he paid no attention(CT) to your weeping and turned a deaf ear(CU) to you. 46 And so you stayed in Kadesh(CV) many days—all the time you spent there.

Footnotes

  1. Deuteronomy 1:40 Or the Sea of Reeds