¹⁷ The armies of Edom had again invaded Judah and taken captives. ¹⁸ And the Philistines had raided towns located in the foothills of Judah^[a] and in the Negev of Judah. They had already captured and occupied Beth-shemesh, Aijalon, Gederoth, Soco with its villages, Timnah with its villages, and Gimzo with its villages. ¹⁹ The Lord was humbling Judah because of King Ahaz of Judah,^[b] for he had encouraged his people to sin and had been utterly unfaithful to the Lord.