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28 And just as they did not see fit to acknowledge God,[a] God gave them over to a depraved mind, to do what should not be done.[b] 29 They are filled[c] with every kind of unrighteousness, wickedness, covetousness, malice. They are rife with[d] envy, murder, strife, deceit, hostility. They are gossips, 30 slanderers, haters of God, insolent, arrogant, boastful, contrivers of all sorts of evil, disobedient to parents, 31 senseless, covenant-breakers,[e] heartless, ruthless. 32 Although they fully know[f] God’s righteous decree that those who practice such things deserve to die,[g] they not only do them but also approve of those who practice them.[h]

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Footnotes

  1. Romans 1:28 tn Grk “and just as they did not approve to have God in knowledge.”
  2. Romans 1:28 tn Grk “the things that are improper.”
  3. Romans 1:29 tn Grk “being filled” or “having been filled,” referring to those described in v. 28. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  4. Romans 1:29 tn Grk “malice, full of,” continuing the description. Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  5. Romans 1:31 tn Or “promise-breakers.”
  6. Romans 1:32 tn Grk “who, knowing…, not only do them but also approve…” Because of the length and complexity of the Greek sentence, a new sentence was started here in the translation.
  7. Romans 1:32 tn Grk “are worthy of death.”
  8. Romans 1:32 sn “Vice lists” like vv. 28-32 can be found elsewhere in the NT in Matt 15:19; Gal 5:19-21; 1 Tim 1:9-10; and 1 Pet 4:3. An example from the intertestamental period can be found in Wis 14:25-26.