Footnotes

1. Revelation 13:11 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “then” to indicate the implied sequence within the narrative.
2. Revelation 13:11 sn This second beast is identified in Rev 16:13 as “the false prophet.”
3. Revelation 13:11 tn Grk “and it had,” a continuation of the preceding sentence. On the use of the pronoun “he” to refer to the second beast, see the note on the word “It” in 13:1.
4. Revelation 13:11 tn Or perhaps, “like a ram.” Here L&N 4.25 states, “In the one context in the NT, namely, Re 13:11, in which ἀρνίον refers literally to a sheep, it is used in a phrase referring to the horns of an ἀρνίον. In such a context the reference is undoubtedly to a ‘ram,’ that is to say, the adult male of sheep.” In spite of this most translations render the word “lamb” here to maintain the connection between this false lamb and the true Lamb of the Book of Revelation, Jesus Christ.
5. Revelation 13:11 tn Here καί (kai) has been translated as “but” to indicate the contrast present in this context.
6. Revelation 13:12 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
7. Revelation 13:12 tn For the translation “ruling authority” for ἐξουσία (exousia) see L&N 37.35.
8. Revelation 13:12 tn For this meaning see BDAG 342 s.v. ἐνώπιον 4.b, “by the authority of, on behalf of Rv 13:12, 14; 19:20.”
9. Revelation 13:13 tn Here καί (kai) has not been translated because of differences between Greek and English style.
10. Revelation 13:13 tn This is a generic use of ἄνθρωπος (anthrōpos), referring to both men and women.