Leviticus 20:2-23:19
Expanded Bible
2 “You must also tell the ·people [L sons; children] of Israel these things: ‘If a person in your country gives one of his children to Molech [18:21], that person must be ·killed [put to death]. It doesn’t matter if he is a ·citizen [L son of Israel] or a ·foreigner living [L resident alien sojourning] in Israel; you must ·throw stones at [stone] him and ·kill him [put him to death]. 3 I will be against him and cut him off from his people, because he gave his children to Molech. He showed that he ·did not respect [profaned] my holy name, and he made my ·Holy Place [sanctuary] unclean. 4 The people of the ·community [L land] might ·ignore [close their eyes to; or connive with] that person and not kill the one who gave his children to Molech. 5 But I will ·be [L set my face] against him and his family, and I will cut him off from his people. I will do this to anyone who follows him in ·being unfaithful to me [L prostituting himself] by worshiping Molech.
6 “‘I will ·be [L set my face] against anyone who ·goes [turns] to mediums and ·fortune-tellers [wizards] for advice, because that person is ·being unfaithful to [L prostituting himself against] me. So I will cut him off from his people.
7 “‘Be my holy people. Be holy because I am the Lord your God. 8 ·Remember [Keep; Guard] and obey my ·laws [statutes; ordinances; requirements]. I am the Lord, and I have ·made you holy [consecrated you].
9 “‘Anyone who curses his father or mother must be put to death. He has cursed his father or mother, so he has brought his own ·death [L blood] on himself [Ex. 20:12; Deut. 5:16].
Punishments for Sexual Sins
10 “‘If a man ·has sexual relations [commits adultery] with his neighbor’s wife, both the ·man and the woman are guilty of adultery and [L adulterer and the adulteress] must be put to death [18:20; Deut. 22:22]. 11 If a man ·has sexual relations [L lies] with his father’s wife, ·he has shamed [L exposing/revealing the nakedness of] his father, and both the man and his father’s wife must be put to death. They have brought ·it [L blood] on themselves [18:8; Deut. 22:30].
12 “‘If a man ·has sexual relations [L lies] with his daughter-in-law, both of them must be put to death. What they have done is ·not natural [perverted]. They have brought ·their own deaths [L blood] on themselves.
13 “‘If a man ·has sexual relations [L lies] with another man as a man does with a woman, these two men have ·done a hateful sin [committed an abomination]. They must be put to death. They have brought ·it [blood] on themselves [18:22].
14 “‘If a man ·has sexual relations with [or marries; L takes] both a woman and her mother, this is ·evil [lewd; depraved]. The people must burn that man and the two women in fire so that your people will not be ·evil [lewd; depraved].
15 “‘If a man has sexual relations with an animal, he must be put to death. You must also kill the animal. 16 If a woman approaches an animal and has sexual relations with it, you must kill the woman and the animal. They must be put to death. They have brought ·it [blood] on themselves [18:23; Ex. 22:19; Deut. 27:21].
17 “‘It is shameful for a brother to ·marry [L take] his sister, the daughter of either his father or his mother, and ·to have sexual relations with her [L he sees her nakedness, and she sees his nakedness]. In front of everyone they must both be cut off from their people. The man has ·shamed [L exposed/revealed the nakedness of] his sister, and he is guilty of sin [18:9].
18 “‘If a man ·has sexual relations [L lies] with a woman during her monthly period, both the woman and the man must be cut off from their people. They sinned because ·they showed the source of her blood [L he uncovered her fountain and she has revealed the fountain of her blood; 18:19].
19 “‘Do not ·have sexual relations with [L uncover the nakedness of] your mother’s sister or your father’s sister, because that would ·shame a close relative [L expose one’s own flesh]. Both of you are guilty of this sin [18:12–13].
20 “‘If a man ·has sexual relations [L lies] with his uncle’s wife, he has ·shamed [L exposed/revealed the nakedness of] his uncle. That man and his uncle’s wife will die without children; they are guilty of sin.
21 “‘It is unclean [C in a ritual sense] for a man to ·marry [L take] his brother’s wife. That man has ·shamed [L exposed/revealed the nakedness of] his brother, and they will have no children [18:16].
22 “‘·Remember [Keep; Guard] all my ·laws [statutes; ordinances; requirements] and ·rules [regulations], and obey them. I am leading you to your own land, and if you obey my laws and rules, that land will not ·throw [vomit] you out. 23 I am ·forcing [driving] out ahead of you the people who live there. Because they did all these sins, I have hated them. Do not live ·the way those people lived [L according to the statutes/ordinances/requirements of that nation].
24 “‘I have told you that you will ·get [inherit] their land, which I will give to you as your ·very own [possession]; it is a ·fertile land [L land flowing with milk and honey; Ex. 3:8]. I am the Lord your God, and I have set you apart from other people and made you my own. 25 So you must treat clean [C in a ritual sense] animals and birds differently from unclean animals and birds. Do not make yourselves detestable by any of these unclean birds or animals or things that crawl on the ground, which I have made unclean for you [11:1–47]. 26 So you must be holy to me because I, the Lord, am holy, and I have set you apart from other people to be my own.
27 “‘A man or woman who is a medium or a ·fortune-teller [wizard] must be put to death. You must stone them to death; they have brought ·it [L blood] on themselves [19:31; 20:6].’”
How Priests Must Behave
21 The Lord said to Moses, “Tell these things to Aaron’s sons, the priests: ‘A priest must not make himself unclean [C in a ritual sense] ·by touching a dead person [L for a death among his people/relatives]. 2 ·But if the dead person was one of his close relatives, he may touch him [L …except for a close relative]. The priest may make himself unclean if the dead person is his mother or father, son or daughter, brother or 3 ·unmarried [L virgin] sister who is close to him because she has no husband. The priest may make himself unclean for her if she dies. 4 But a priest must not make himself unclean ·if the dead person was only related to him by marriage [L as a husband among his people].
5 “‘Priests must not shave their heads, or shave off the edges of their beards, or cut their bodies [C as pagan priests often did]. 6 They must be holy to their God and ·show respect for [L not defile] God’s name, because they present the offerings made by fire to the Lord, which is the food of their God. So they must be holy [19:27–28].
7 “‘A priest must not marry ·a defiled prostitute [or a prostitute or a defiled woman] or a divorced woman, because he is holy to his God. 8 Treat him as holy, because he offers up the food of your God. Think of him as holy; I am the Lord who ·makes you holy [consecrates/sanctifies you], and I am holy.
9 “‘If a priest’s daughter defiles herself by becoming a prostitute, she ·shames [defiles] her father. She must be burned with fire.
10 “‘The high priest, who was ·chosen from among his brothers [L exalted among his brothers], had the ·special [L anointing] olive oil poured on his head. He was also ·appointed [consecrated] to wear the priestly clothes. So he must not let his hair go uncombed or tear his clothes [C signs of mourning]. 11 He must not go into a house where there is a dead body. He must not make himself unclean [C in a ritual sense], even if it is for his own father or mother. 12 The high priest must not go out of the ·Holy Place [sanctuary], because if he does and becomes ·unclean [defiled], he will make God’s ·Holy Place [sanctuary] unclean. The ·special oil used in appointing priests [L anointing oil] was poured on his head to separate him from the rest of the people. I am the Lord.
13 “‘The high priest must marry a woman who is a virgin. 14 He must not marry a widow, a divorced woman, or ·a defiled prostitute [or a defiled woman or a prostitute; v. 7]. He must marry a virgin from his own people 15 so ·the people will respect his children as his own [he will not defile his children]. I am the Lord. I have ·set the high priest apart for his special job [sanctified/consecrated him].’”
16 The Lord said to Moses, 17 “Tell Aaron: ‘If any of your descendants have ·something wrong with them [a blemish], they must never come near to offer the special food of their God. 18 Anyone who has ·something wrong with him [a blemish] must not come near: blind men, crippled men, men with damaged faces, deformed men, 19 men with a crippled foot or hand, 20 hunchbacks, dwarfs, men who have something wrong with their eyes, men who have an itching disease or a skin disease, or men who ·have damaged testicles [are eunuchs; Acts 8:27].
21 “‘If one of Aaron’s descendants has ·something wrong with him [a blemish], he cannot come near to make the offerings made by fire to the Lord. He has ·something wrong with him [a blemish]; he cannot offer the food of his God. 22 He may eat the most holy food and also the holy food. 23 But he may not go through the curtain into the ·Most Holy Place [sanctuary], and he may not go near the altar, because he has ·something wrong with him [a blemish]. He must not defile my ·Holy Place [sanctuary]. I am the Lord who makes these places holy.’”
24 So Moses told these things to Aaron, Aaron’s sons, and all the people of Israel.
22 The Lord said to Moses, 2 “Tell Aaron and his sons: ‘The ·people [L sons; children] of Israel will give offerings to me. These offerings are ·holy, and they are mine [L consecrated/sanctified to me], so you must ·respect [be scrupulous with] them to show that you ·respect [L do not defile] my holy name. I am the Lord.’ 3 Say to them: ‘If any one of your descendants ·from now on [L throughout your generations] is unclean [C in a ritual sense] and comes near the offerings that the Israelites ·made holy for [consecrated/sanctified to] me, that person must be cut off from appearing before me. I am the Lord.
4 “‘If one of Aaron’s descendants has a harmful skin disease [13:2], or if he discharges a body fluid [15:1–18], he cannot eat the holy offerings until he becomes clean [C in a ritual sense]. He could also become unclean from touching a dead body, from his own semen, 5 from touching any unclean crawling animal, or from touching an unclean person (no matter what made the person unclean). 6 Anyone who touches those things will become unclean until evening. That person must not eat the holy offerings unless he washes with water. 7 He will be clean only after the sun goes down. Then he may eat the holy offerings; the offerings are his food.
8 “‘If a priest finds an animal that died by itself or that was killed by some other animal, he must not eat it. If he does, he will become unclean [C in a ritual sense]. I am the Lord [11:39–40; 17:15].
9 “‘If the priests ·keep [guard] all the rules I have given, they will not become guilty; ·if they are careful, they will not die [or…and die in it/the sanctuary because they defiled it]. I am the Lord who has made them holy. 10 ·Only people in a priest’s family [L No stranger/layperson] may eat the holy offering. A visitor staying with the priest or a hired worker must not eat it. 11 But if the priest buys a slave with his own money, that slave may eat the holy offerings; ·slaves [L those] who were born in his house may also eat his food. 12 If a priest’s daughter marries a ·person who is not a priest [layperson; L stranger], she must not eat any of the holy offerings. 13 But if the priest’s daughter becomes widowed or divorced, with no children to support her, and if she goes back to her father’s house where she lived as a child, she may eat some of her father’s food. But ·only people from a priest’s family [no layperson/L stranger] may eat this food.
14 “‘If someone eats some of the holy offering by mistake, that person must pay back the priest for that holy food, adding another one-fifth of the price of that food.
15 “‘When the ·Israelites [L sons/T children of Israel] give their holy offerings to the Lord, ·the priest must not treat these holy things as though they were not holy [L no one will profane them]. 16 The priests must not allow those who are not priests to eat the holy offerings. If they do, they cause the ones who eat the holy offerings to become guilty, and they will have to ·pay for it [L offer a penalty/guilt/reparation offering; 5:14–6:7]. I am the Lord, who makes them holy.’”
17 The Lord said to Moses, 18 “Tell Aaron and his sons and all the people of Israel: ‘A ·citizen of [L person from the house of] Israel or a ·foreigner living [sojourner; wanderer; resident alien] in Israel might want to bring a whole burnt offering [1:1–17], either for ·some special promise he has made [a vow] or for a ·special gift he wants to give [freewill offering] to the Lord. 19 If he does, he must bring a male animal that has ·nothing wrong with it [no blemish]—a bull, a sheep, or a goat—so it might be accepted for him. 20 He must not bring an animal that has ·something wrong with it [a blemish], or it will not be accepted for him.
21 “‘If someone brings a ·fellowship [or peace; well-being] offering [3:1] to the Lord, either as ·payment [fulfillment] for a ·special promise the person has made [vow] or as a ·special gift the person wants to give the Lord [freewill offering], it might be from the herd or from the flock. But it must be ·healthy [perfect], with ·nothing wrong with it [no blemish], so that it will be accepted. 22 You must not offer to the Lord any animal that is blind, that has broken bones or is crippled, that has running sores or any sort of ·skin disease [L itch or scabs]. You must not offer any animals like these on the altar as an offering by fire to the Lord.
23 “‘If an ox or lamb ·is smaller than normal [or has a short tail] or is not perfectly formed, you may give it as a ·special gift to the Lord [freewill offering]; it will be accepted. But it will not be accepted as payment for a ·special promise you have made [vow].
24 “‘If an animal has bruised, crushed, torn, or cut testicles, you must not offer it to the Lord. You must not do this in your own land, 25 and you must not ·take [get] such animals from foreigners as sacrifices to the Lord. Because the animals have been hurt in some way and have ·something wrong with them [blemishes], they will not be accepted for you.’”
26 The Lord said to Moses, 27 “When an ox, a sheep, or a goat is born, it must stay seven days with its mother. But from the eighth day on, this animal will be accepted as a sacrifice by fire to the Lord. 28 But you must not ·kill [slaughter] the animal and its mother on the same day, either an ox or a sheep.
29 “If you want to offer ·some special offering of thanks [a thank offering] to the Lord, you must do it in a way that pleases him. 30 You must eat the whole animal that same day and not leave any of the meat for the next morning. I am the Lord.
31 “·Remember [Keep; Guard] my commands and obey them; I am the Lord. 32 ·Show respect for [L Do not defile] my holy name. ·You Israelites must remember that I am holy [L I must be sanctified/considered holy among the sons/T children of Israel]; I am the Lord, who has ·made you holy [consecrated/sanctified you]. 33 I brought you out of Egypt to be your God. I am the Lord.”
Special Holidays
23 The Lord said to Moses, 2 “Tell the ·people [L sons; children] of Israel: ‘You will announce the Lord’s appointed ·feasts [festivals] as holy ·meetings [convocations]. These are my special ·feasts [festivals].
The Sabbath
3 “‘There are six days for you to work, but the seventh day will be a special day of rest. It is a day for a holy ·meeting [convocation]; you must not do any work. It is a Sabbath to the Lord in all your homes [Ex. 20:8–11; 31:12–17; 35:1–3; Num. 28:9–10; Deut. 5:12–15].
The Passover and Unleavened Bread
4 “‘These are the Lord’s appointed ·feasts [festivals], the holy ·meetings [convocations], which you will announce at the times set for them. 5 The Lord’s Passover is on the fourteenth day of the first month, beginning at twilight. 6 The ·Feast [Festival] of Unleavened Bread begins on the fifteenth day of the same month. You will eat bread made without ·yeast [leaven] for seven days. 7 On the first day of this ·feast [festival] you will have a holy ·meeting [convocation], and you must not do any work. 8 For seven days you will bring an offering made by fire to the Lord. There will be a holy ·meeting [convocation] on the seventh day, and on that day you must not do any regular work [Ex. 12:1–13, 21–27; 23:15; Num. 28:16–25; Deut. 16:1–8].’”
The First of the Harvest
9 The Lord said to Moses, 10 “Tell the ·people [L sons; children] of Israel: ‘You will enter the land I will give you and gather its harvest. At that time you must bring the first bundle of grain from your harvest to the priest. 11 The priest will ·present [wave] the bundle before the Lord, and it will be accepted for you; he will ·present [wave] the bundle on the day after the Sabbath.
12 “‘On the day when you ·present [wave; 23:15] the bundle of grain, offer a male lamb, one year old, that ·has nothing wrong with it [is perfect], as a burnt offering [1:1–17] to the Lord. 13 You must also offer a ·grain [L gift; tribute] offering [2:1]—·four quarts [L two tenths of an ephah] of ·fine [choice] flour mixed with olive oil as an offering made by fire to the Lord; its smell will be pleasing to him. You must also offer ·a quart [L one-fourth of a hin] of wine as a drink offering. 14 Until the day you bring your offering to your God, do not eat any new grain, roasted grain, or bread made from new grain. This ·law [statute; ordinance; requirement] will always continue ·for people from now on [L throughout your generations], wherever you live [Ex. 23:16; Num. 28:26–31; Deut. 16:9–12].
The Feast of Weeks
15 “‘Count seven full weeks from the morning after the Sabbath. (This is the Sabbath that you bring the bundle of grain to ·present [wave] as an offering [C a ritual whereby the offerer symbolically waves the offering before God but then uses it].) 16 On the fiftieth day, the first day after the seventh week, you will bring a new grain offering to the Lord. 17 On that day bring two loaves of bread from your homes to be ·presented [waved] as an offering. Use yeast and ·four quarts [L two-tenths of an ephah] of flour to make those loaves of bread; they will be your gift to the Lord from the first wheat of your harvest.
18 “‘Offer with the bread one young bull, two male sheep, and seven male lambs that are one year old and have ·nothing wrong with them [no blemish]. Offer them with their ·grain [L gift; tribute] offerings [2:1] and drink offerings, as a burnt offering [1:1–17] to the Lord. They will be an offering made by fire, and the smell will be pleasing to the Lord. 19 You must also offer one male goat for a ·sin [or purification; 4:3] offering and two male, one-year-old lambs as a ·fellowship [or peace; well-being] offering [3:1].
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