¹⁶ when he wills his property to his sons, he must not give the rights of the firstborn to the son of the wife he loves in preference to his actual firstborn, the son of the wife he does not love.^{(A) 17} He must acknowledge the son of his unloved wife as the firstborn by giving him a double^(B) share of all he has. That son is the first sign of his father’s strength.^(C) The right of the firstborn belongs to him.^(D)

Reuben

5 The sons of Reuben^(A) the firstborn of Israel (he was the firstborn, but when he defiled his father’s marriage bed,^(B) his rights as firstborn were given to the sons of Joseph^(C) son of Israel;^(D) so he could not be listed in the genealogical record in accordance with his birthright,^{(E) 2} and though Judah^(F) was the strongest of his brothers and a ruler^(G) came from him, the rights of the firstborn^(H) belonged to Joseph)—